Informed consent in the jungle

[Claire Bowern]

Hi John,
it sounds like in this case a script might not be the best way to be
sure that the consent is informed. Have you tried a checklist, or a
set of points for interviewers to cover? That way is often more
flexible in allowing participants to ask questions about things they
don't understand. It's also helpful to give some "what ifs" or
illustrative consequences -- e.g. "if we put the tapes on the web,
people anywhere in the world will be able to listen to them if they
have a computer. That could mean that not just people at the
university in Moresby but people in Australia or America or India..."
There are some sample scripts at
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bowern/fieldwork/checklists.htm
Claire

On Fri, Sep 24, 2010 at 3:21 AM, Peter Austin <pa2 at soas.ac.uk> wrote:
> John
>
> Thanks for this and for sharing with us your experiences.
>
> I think the situation is typically a little more complicated than you
> suggest in that most archives/repositories have a well-articulated
> system of management of access and usage rights to materials (this is
> sometimes called "protocol management"). It's not a simple case of "is
> it OK or not for people to see/listen to your stuff" but rather WHO
> can see/listen and HOW can they use it. The person recorded should be
> able to say things like "well my family can see/listen to it but
> no-one else" or "I want this kept secret for 5 years but after that
> men in my clan can see the pictures but they can't hear the story".
> Archives like Paradisec and ELAR can and do manage this kind of
> fine-grained control over access and use. Generally, they will want to
> have some materials open to everyone but the bulk of their holdings
> may be controlled in various ways.
>
> It makes your (and our) job more complicated but it also makes it more
> powerful for the people you interview. I would also suggest that it's
> a good thing to see this as a conversation that takes place over a
> period of time and not just "read this and sign" which can engender
> fear and distrust. Something like "we have been talking about who can
> see the pictures and who can listen to the recordings and now my
> university says we have to put that down on a piece of paper. Is that
> OK? If it's OK then let's read this and sign it". Note that recording
> consent (eg. as an audio or video recording) rather than relying on
> written documentation (which may be problematic in terms of literacy
> and fear-generation) is perfectly acceptable and in many cases
> preferable as a means of respecting people's rights and making a
> proper record of the fact they they were informed about their rights,
> giving consent and managing access and use of what they are involved
> in.
>
> How does this seem in your situation?
>
> Best,
> Peter
>
> On 23 September 2010 23:44, John Hatton <john_hatton at sil.org> wrote:
>>> Motivated by a recent publication by Robinson (2010), the October
>> LiP-meeting will compare the problems of obtaining informed consent
>> from people in non-literate communities (without access to modern
>> media and internet) with the problems of obtaining informed consent
>> from people in highly computer/internet-savvy communities.
>>
>> I would so like to join you down there for this discussion.  Sigh. Up here in the highlands of PNG, we're feeling our way in this, without access to some of the literature and other discussions. It occurs to me to post what we're proposing at the moment. I post it not as a suggestion to anyone else, but rather in case someone on the list would like to warn us that it is inadequate legally, ethically, whatever. The challenge 'round here is to honestly convey the implications of a long-term repository, and the ease of access of internet, to people who may not have seen so much as a car in 20 years (if ever).
>>
>> Note: in the group I work with, we had to get this into the vernacular, as a Tok Pisin form would not have been adequately understood.  The key stumbling block, which we eventually surmounted, was finding the right ending, so that the hearer would understand what it was they were supposed to do/say.  Particularly with women, I found that the notion of being asked "permission" by me was a difficult one to convey. I could tell from the puzzled looks on their faces that they weren't really sure.  In the end, what worked well was simply their version of "is that ok, or not ok?".  That lead to a big smile and the response "it's OK!".  So I'm helping colleagues here do something similar; each one is still being tweaked for their situation. For example, mine had to work in a situation where people would not be able to write their name or have any clue what that signified; it had to work well for collecting on video.  In contrast, here's one we developed for a colleague who works in an area where signatures make sense:
>>
>> (In Tok Pisin written by university-grad, native Tok Pisin speaker on our staff.)
>>
>> ___ i laik harim toktok long tokples bilong yu. Em bai kisim dispela toktok na tu, em bai i wokim piksa bilong yu. Bihain em bai putim dispela toktok na piksa bilong yu i go insait long komputa na givim ol dispela samting i go long wanpela ples wei ol i save lukautim dispela kain samting long em (olsem universiti). Ol bai lukautim gut ol dispela samting. Ol bai i stap longpela taim na husait lain i laik lukim nau o bihain taim, em ol i ken lukim. Bihain, sapos ol tumbuna bilong yu o ol arapela manmeri i gat laik long kisim sampela save bilong tokples bilong yu na pasin o wei bilong tumbuna bilong yu, orait ol i ken lukim na harim ol dispela toktok na piksa bilong yu.  Em bai yu tok orait long dispela o nogat? Sapos yu tok orait, orait raitim nem o signatia bilong yu antap long mak o pepa.
>>
>> Which is roughly:
>>
>> ___ wants to hear speech in your vernacular.  He will get this speech, and take pictures of you. Later, he's going to put this speech and pictures into a computer and give everything to a place where they take care of this kind of thing, a place like a university.  They will take good care of it. (This material) will be around a long time and whoever wants to see it soon or in the future, they will be able to.  Later, if your descendants or other people have a desire to learn about your vernacular and your culture, they will be able to hear your speech and see your picture. Is this alright with your or not?  If it is alright, ok then write your name or signature above the line.
>>
>> Thanks for any comments, good or bad.
>>
>> John Hatton
>> SIL Papua New Guinea, Palaso, & SIL International Software Development
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
> --
> Prof Peter K. Austin
> Marit Rausing Chair in Field Linguistics
> Department of Linguistics, SOAS
> Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square
> London WC1H 0XG
> United Kingdom
>
> web: http://www.hrelp.org/aboutus/staff/index.php?cd=pa
>



-- 

-----
Claire Bowern
Associate Professor
Department of Linguistics
Yale University
370 Temple St
New Haven, CT 06511
North American Dialects survey:
http://pantheon.yale.edu/~clb3/NorthAmericanDialects/