[SEALANG] Tai-Viet linguistics question CONTINUED

Chung-pui Tai chungpui at GMAIL.COM
Mon Oct 20 11:12:48 UTC 2008


Dear List,

The following is a reply from a friend of mine, who is a native of Debao
county, Guangxi, China. Sorry that he can only write Chinese but not
English.

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***My main question, however is this: does it make any linguistic sense that
ke could be a Vietnamese adoption/pronunciation of a Zhuang/Tai term k/koo?
Is it logical for those vowels to change in that manner as the term moves
from one language to another?



我认为是极有可能的。一种语言从另外一种语言借用词汇,不可能完全将那个发音也完整地借入,因为不同的语言和方言,其音系都不会相同和吻合,一种语言里从其他语言借入的借词,其发音还是用该语言的近似发音去发的,或者有它的借音规则(如壮语里的汉语老借音和汉语新借音,都和任何汉语方言不完全吻合),不会和原来发音一模一样的。



况且,越南语是一种源于南亚语系而又先后深受壮侗语、古汉语熏陶和同化的音调语言,它除了有大量的汉语借词之外,也有不少台语借词,反映在很多地名上用到了台语支语言常用的地名用字,如
baan(村)paak(口)doi(山)等。所以这个koo完全可能是从壮语南部方言(岱侬语)借入的。



And yet one other minor question: some Zhuang place names (and old place
names in Vietnam) begin with the word duo 多 [ta in old Chn, da in Viet.].
According to the Zhuang place name study, this refers to "land." The SEAlang
dictionary has the following entry which seems the closest in sound:
(WEBRANK:3) tra 1 N a piece (used in reference to land), portion; plot

However, Li Fang-kuei said that "Siamese also shows tr-, but it exists
chiefly in Cambodian and Sanskrit loans."

Question: What Tai word for "land" could duo 多 [ta in old Chn, da in Viet.]
be an attempted transcription of?

关于这个"多"来记录壮语地名,我以前没有注意过原来这个"多"
字开头的壮语地名原来大部分集中在德靖土语地区,直到今天看到这个提问,我才翻阅了《广西壮语地名选集》,居然发现,里面收录的18个以"多"
字开头的壮语地名,除了一个在田阳县的桥业乡之外,其他全部都是德保县和靖西县的,而且以德保县为主。而就算是田阳县桥业乡的那个"多感"
,也是说德保话的地区,而不是说北壮田阳话的地区。



但这个"多"字所记录的这些地名,除了有一个"多吉"的"多"字记录的是德靖土语的toi 3 (下面)之外,一个"多感"的"多"记录的是德靖土语的 ta 6
(河流)之外, 其他的16个"多"全部记录的是德靖土语的 tei 6(地方,land)。但这个"多"的发音不是 ta/tra,其实是来自汉语借词"地方"
的"地",声母韵母和粤语发音都一致,就是tei 6,第六调,德保话调值是33,靖西话调值是324。所以这个问题提到的以汉字"多"的古音ta
之类去推测已经变成了没有任何意义了,实际上大都是 tei 6 而已。如果越南的"多"字开头的地名实际发音是 ta/da
之类,我想也就失去了比较的意义,因为tei是不太可能变成ta/da的。另外,泰语的tra我想李方桂说得没错,应该是来自梵语的借词,而对应壮语tei 6
的泰语,实际上是 thi ,泰语的"哪里" 的 thi nai 的"thi",实际上就是壮语的 tei ,同样是来自古汉语的"地"。
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