perfect tense

[Jouni Vaahtera]

I would say the verb form is an ancient participle itself that was 
originally used with present tense forms of быти. The same participle 
has given plenty of adjectives, like прошлый, зрелый, вялый, тухлый, and 
-- evidently -- усталый, and usually their short forms are avoided in 
order to avoid confusing them with the past tense forms.

Jouni Vaahtera


On 12.9.2014 10:41, Terry Moran wrote:
> And another one: are there any other words with parallel origins, i.e. 
> an adjectival form that appears to come from a verbal past tense? I 
> can't think of any offhand. Is there a special grammatical term that 
> defines them (or it)?
>
>
> Best -
>
> Terry
>
> On 12 September 2014 08:55, Gasan Gusejnov <gusejnov at gmail.com 
> <mailto:gusejnov at gmail.com>> wrote:
>
>     It is a very good sentence for an excersise: please add the best
>     context.
>
>     - что ж ты не пришел?
>     - я вчера устал.
>
>     In any language, I guess, sentences excerpted from a dialogue
>     sometimes look incomplete, don't they. And that is what make them
>     correct, real and alive.
>     Best
>     gg
>
>
>     On Thursday, 11 September 2014, Sentinel76 Astrakhan
>     <thysentinel at hotmail.com> wrote:
>
>         It doesn't quite work like that.  Basically the sentence
>         sounds incomplete.  You have to explain WHY you became tired:
>
>         Я вчера засиделся на работе и немного устал.
>
>         Also, for some reason, I don't remember ever hearing the word
>         "устал" by itself.  It usually comes with an adverb:
>          "сильно", "немного", etc. or as part of a complex clause:
>
>         Караул устал и ушел с поста.
>
>         If used by itself, it's in the present tense:
>
>         Я устал!
>
>         Something like that.
>
>         Vadim
>
>         > Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2014 12:31:15 -0400
>         > From: paulbg at PBG-TRANSLATIONS.COM
>         > Subject: Re: [SEELANGS] perfect tense
>         > To: SEELANGS at LISTSERV.UA.EDU
>         >
>         > Sentinel76 Astrakhan wrote:
>         >
>         > > To me "вчера вечером я устал" sounds completely unnatural. The
>         > > proper way is "Вчера вечером я был усталым" or,
>         colloquially, "вчера
>         > > вечером я был усталый".
>         >
>         > I took the past perfective to denote a change in state (from
>         fresh to
>         > tired): "I became tired." This transition was complete at
>         the stated
>         > time. No?
>         >
>         > The options you offer clearly denote an ongoing
>         (imperfective) state of
>         > affairs, not the same thing.
>         >
>         > --
>         > War doesn't determine who's right, just who's left.
>         > --
>         > Paul B. Gallagher
>         > pbg translations, inc.
>         > "Russian Translations That Read Like Originals"
>         > http://pbg-translations.com
>         >
>         >
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