Bipartite structure

[Koontz John E]

On Fri, 11 Jan 2002, Koontz John E wrote:

...examples of foot/heat/spontaneous instrumentals ...

I omitted to remind people that the initial da/la/na in da=...khota, etc.,
probably belongs in this set of forms, presumably as a fossilized old
or just alternative version of 'by heat'.

Notice that Winnebago combines 'spontaneously', but NOT 'by heat' with 'by
foot'. I don't know, off hand, if Ioway-Otoe does it differently yet
again.

If I've questioned an inflectional form, it means I deduce it, but can't
find a specific example or attestation of it at the moment.  Siouanists
tend historically to provide just first persons as examples of inflection,
on the theory that anyone can easily deduce the rest from that. Hah!  (Or
maybe it's just some faded echo of Latin grammatical theory.  Did it
really work there?)  It's always wise to give 1st, 2nd, 3rd (probably the
stem, modulo a final vowel or so), and inclusive.  You can omit them if
you can supply an abbreviation keying into an ironclad table of paradigms.
Never assume that anyone coming after you will know what you know about
the paradigm.

> Winnebago (Lipkind pp. 18, 20, 21, Miner)
>
> naNaN= 'by use of the foot'
> naNaN= 'An obsolescent prefix naN- is still sometimes used when the
> meaning is very forcibly "of its own accord."'

Notice that 'by foot' is outer, even though different from 'by fire'
(also outer)!

> 1 naNaN'= (naNaN=a'-)   naN'aN=?V (naNaN=a'-?V)
> 2 naNaN=na'-            naNnaN=s^-V'-

This should be            naNaN=s^-?V'-

> 3 naNaN=CV'             naNaN=?V'
> 12 ???                  ???

Miner shows the second pattern for an underlying ?-stem. Someplace I
located the first pattern, which seems to be regular.  I think the source
may have been something by Hale & White Eagle.

> daa= 'by fire, with heat' (d written t conventionally by Lipkind and
> Miner)
>
> 1 da'a= (daa=a'-)  or da=i-  (Active or stative depending on the stem)
> ? 2 daa=ra- or daa=ri'-
> 3 daa=CV'
> 12 ???

Miner gives apparently active and apparently stative first persons (only,
no second persons).  The instrumental precedes the pronouns.

The d in daa is the unambiguous reflex of *R, as is the d/l/n in Dakotan
da/la/na.  (OK, it's not unambiguous in the case of n, and it could be s^
+ r.)