Siouan pluralizer.

[Rankin, Robert L]

I'm home, have checked the references on the pluralizer and have some
details and corrections to my note of this afternoon.

Plural is noted in Dorsey's Quapaw notes as /-awe/, e.g., iNte 'ache' vs.
/wa-Nte=awe/ 'we.pl ache' (stative pronominal).

Carolyn's Osage data that I used in my Ablaut paper includes Osage /s^te/
'you go' vs. /s^ta-ape/ 'you.pl go'.

Dakota /apa/ 'some', see Riggs, Dakota Grammar, p. 87, line 2 for two
different examples in the story "The Fallen Star".  Grammaticalized
/-Api/ 'plural' is presumably a doublet form of the independent word.

The final vowel is difficult to determine, but it is probably /-i/ or
/-e/.  The problem is that it combines with the enclitics that follow it,
including the feminine declarative /-e/ in Osage and Quapaw.

Probable related forms include Hidatsa /a:pi/ 'with (a unity)', from Wes
Jones and Crow /a':ppa:/ 'with', prob. from Randy.

The proto-Mississippi Valley form is /*ape/ and proto-Siouan most likely the
same.

Sorry for the confusion this afternoon -- I was flying by the seat of my
pants with no references.

Irrealis */kte/ has the Biloxi cognate /te/ 'wish, want, sign of desire' in
Dorsey and Swanton (1912), BAE-B-47.  I suspect that's close to it's
original meaning.  I think there is a similar meaning in one of the northern
languages.

Great meeting!!  Kudos to Dick for a great job!

Bob