do/done auxiliary

[Koontz John E]

On Thu, 20 Jun 2002, Catherine Rudin/HU/AC/WSC wrote:
> Bob wrote:
> ...?uN crops up on most Siouan
> languages as a part of various enclitics signaling
> 'past' or 'perfective', including but not limited to,
> Dhegiha -noN/-naN, glossed 'past' by Dorsey,...
>
> Is this the -noN (1st person -noNmoN) that I always gloss "usually" or
> "habitual"?  How would past/perfective give this very IMperfective meaning?
> Or are there (sigh) TWO -noN suffixes?   Catherine

I think Bob might be referring mainly to the inflected (?)aN (maN, z^aN,
sometimes aN in third) that appears

(a) After xti TRUELY, VERY and (s^ > h > zero)naN EXCLUSIVELY.  This is
often essentially a habitual, but cf. e=(s^)naN 'only' < 'exclusively
that', not to be confused with e=naN, never any s^ in older texts,m
meaning 'so many, that many'.  For that many, there are cases where
'habitual' doesn't quite cut the mustard as a gloss, as Carolyn suggests
in her response.  This aN auxiliary appears in the first and second
persons, e.g., =xti=maN, =(s^)naN=z^aN, etc.

[The shift of s^n to hn and modern n in the second persons of n-stems and
in the habitual/exclusive is just one of those things students of
Omaha-Ponca have to deal with.  I can't think of any other s^n clusters
that get reduced, e.g., I think not in verb-stem initials like s^naN
'bald', so it's a bit weird.]

(b) Before az^i NEG in the first person only, e.g., m(aN)=az^i 'I-NEG'.  .

(c) In s^te 'any, soever', e.g., =s^te=aN ~ =s^t=aN and =s^te=waN.  I have
no idea what factors account for the alternation among =s^te, =s^te=aN and
=s^te=waN.  I'm still recovering from Gdh[e]e'daN=s^te=miN 'Any Hawk
Woman' as a name.  Or W[e]e'z^iN=s^te 'Any Angry, Willful (ones)' as a
clan name.

He describes at the least the first cases as a perfective in Quapaw, as I
recall.  I managed to misplace the paper two moves ago!

There is also a dhaN that appears in various post-verbal (and other?)
contexts that Dorsey glosses 'past'.  At the moment I'm not clear on
whether this is or is not part of the evidential complex involving the
articles the/khe/dhaN/ge in clause final cases (also as 'when' and in time
and place Q-words).  There are evidential/when cases of =dhaN, but this
may be something different.

JEK