Fwd:...(Re: Quappa)

[Michael McCafferty]

> Quoting Koontz John E <John.Koontz at colorado.edu>:
> 
> > On Thu, 22 Sep 2005 mmccaffe at indiana.edu wrote:
> > > Marquette names 8 or 9 nations or villages up the Arkansas, but I'm
> > > confident he named no Miami-Illinois-speaking village. I don't happen to
> > > be carrying a copy of the map with me at the moment. :) But I'll look
> > > and get back to you.
> > 
> > I'm not sure the Akansea village south of the Michigamea is on the
> > Arkansas. 
> 



John, Marquette locates "AKANSEA" opposite the mouth of the Arkansas River.

Then, to the west going up the Arkansas--but not necessarily on the river
itself-- in order, are the following. I've arranged them as they appear on the map: 



ATOTCHASi                                      METCHiGAMEA 
                                           
          MATORA                                            |  |
                AKOROA
                      PAPiKAHA                              |  |
                               8MAM8ETA
                                        TANiK8A ------------|  | AKANSEA


                          PANIASSA         AiAiCHi




Far to the east of the AKANSEA is APISTONGA








>  It is probably the Cappa [Okaxpa or Ogaxpa] village mentioned
> > by the La Salle Expedition as being on the Mississippi north of the
> > Arkansas ten years later in the 1680s.  At that time it was the last
> > village of the Akansea before the Michigamea, going north along the
> > Mississippi.  I think this village is called Akansea by Marquette because
> > it is the first and only village of the Akansea people he encountered,
> > proceding south from the Michigamea.
> 

 Remember that Marquette has both <AKANSEA> (Quapaw) and KANSA (Kaw) on his 
 map. KANSA, however, is located up in the western Missouri River watershed
 group of ethnonyms on his map.


> 
> > The La Salle Expedition survivor account refers to two Akansea villages on
> > the Arkansas and two more on the Mississippi itself, with Cappa being the
> > northernmost of the latter.  Dorsey later assembled more than four Quapaw
> > or Arkansas village names - five?  seven?  I forget - of which my favorite
> > has always been ImahaN 'Upstream', both because it provides a local foil
> > for Okaxpa 'Downstream' and because the ImahaN later merged with the
> > Caddo, which explains why they tend to get lost in Siouan historiography.
> > 
> > Since Okaxpa 'Downstream' (= "Quapaw" < "Cappa, Quappa") is actually
> > upstream on the Mississippi, relative to the rest of the villages, my
> > suspicion is that it must have been named while located at the mouth of
> > the Arkansas (or maybe even south of the Arkansas), while ImahaN was
> > probably "up" along the course of the Arkansas.
> 





 You don't suppose these could be Ohio valley names? 



 
> 
> > 
> > Of course, Okaxpa 'Downstream' tends to be interpreted in terms of
> > position relative to the rest of the Dhegiha languages, especially the
> > UmaNhaN or "Omaha" ['Upstream'] people, but, by the time that
> > interpretation appears, all of the Quapaw villages but ImahaN had merged
> > with Okaxpa, and the ImahaN had more or less disappeared into the Caddo.
> > 
> > Since the only mentions of ImahaN are later, it's not clear that it
> > existed yet in the late 1600s, or, if it did, it may have been overlooked,
> > perhaps because it was merged temporarily with another village.
> > 
> > As far as Marquette calling a particular Quapaw or Arkansas village
> > Akansea, he earlier refers to the Peoria village mostly as the Illinois
> > village.  I was getting ready to give up on identifying it when he finally
> > mentioned that it was specifically the village of the Peoria people.
> 


 Yes. He points it out specifically on his map.


>   I
> > believe that Marquette visited a number of Illinois villages, even without
> > counting the Michigamea as Illinois, so maybe his calling Cappa "Akansea"
> > has nothing to do with it being the first or only Akansea village he
> > encountered.
> 
 


After leaving the Miami-Mascouten town on the upper Fox River, Marquette and 
Co. visited only two **Miami-Illinois-speaking** villages--Peoria, on the Des 
Moines River north of Wayland in Clark County, Missouri, on the outbound trip
and the Kaskaskia on the upper Illinois River on the return trip. That was it.
Apparently "METCHiGAMEA" was not Miami-Illinois-speaking. 

In fact, Marquette expressed the exploration team's amazement at not finding any
sign of people at all between the time two Miami guides left the Frenchmen at
the Fox River/Wisconsin River portage and until the Frenchmen found footprints
at the Mississippi's edge at the mouth of the Des Moines River. 

They would have taken this break at the mouth of the Des Moines, since they'd
just naviagated miles of rapids at that point on the Mississippi. When they
found the footprints, Marquette and Jolliet left the five other Frenchmen at the
Mississippi with the canoes and walked up the Des Moines until they came upon
the Peoria. Marquette says that they walked right up to the first village
without anyone's even noticing them, but then decided, at the last minute, that
they'd better announce their arrival.

 
Larry Grantham has excavated the Peoria sites--there are two of them, mentioned
as such by Marquette. See Grantham, Larry. “The Illinois Village of the
Marquette and Jolliet Voyage of 1673.” The Missouri Archaeologist 54 (1993):
1-20. Very interesting article.

 
 

> 
> > 
> > I thought it was interesting that the Marquette & Jolliet and La Salle
> > Expeditions both seemed to distinguish the Michigamea from the Illinois.
> > The La Salle Expedition survivors seem to have used Quapaw guides to get
> > past the Michigamea without visiting them at all.  The Quapaw were
> > evidently on good terms with the Illinois, but not the Michigamea.  This
> > echoes the claim of Marquette that the Akansea were trading with an
> > Illinois village to their west.  The Mons8pelea aren't mentioned in the La
> > Salle Expedition account, at least not in connection with going from Cappa
> > to the Illinois.
> > 
> 
> 


La Salle met *a* Mosopelea at some point in his excursions. I can find that
citation, John, if you would like.


My question about the Metchagamia is how come, even though by around 1700 there
are terms identified by the Jesuits as coming from the Metchagamia dialect of
Miami-Illinois that are quite Algonquian, we have a village called "METCHIGAMEA"
in the July of 1673 where only one person speaks Miami-Illinois.

Michael