"WOUND"

[Rankin, Robert L]

I wonder if we might be mixing ?oo 'shoot and hit' with o- 'into, within'??  It makes sense that this verb might well use the 'inside' locative prefix.  And if it often does, then the glottal stop would give the appearance of moving to the right (as it does in Crow, Hidatsa and Mandan anyway).  So if we find something like o?o, it probably involves the instrumental, not movement of [?] to a syllable coda.  Movement only occurs in the North, where it seems to be an areal feature.  IF we assume that [?] was part of the onset (an assumption that may not be entirely justified), then it remains as part of the onset in OVS and MVS but moves to the coda in MA, CR, HI.
 
CR  *?V  >  *V?  >  V  (glottal disappears or is vocalized)
HI    *?V  >  *V?
MA *?V  >  *V?
 
BI   *?V  >  *hV  (word initial)
TU  maybe the same as BI but relying on only one "Saponi" transcription?

> There are several other 'shooting' verbs in Crow with initial oo: oo'xeechi 'pierce through by shooting', o'oxexawi 'shot up' (stative), and oo'xaxxi 'shoot an arrow or bullet into a hole'.  I have wondered if these aren't reflexes of the Siouan 'by shooting' instrumental prefix, with the initial consonant lost (Da wo, Wi bo Po mu). >
 
I've reconstructed the outer instrumentals from older incorporations of verbs nominalized by wa-.  There are still some interesting irregularities to be ironed out, but this tends to account for accent, length and most of the segmental phenomena in these instrumentals.  I seem to recall that Dakotan confuses the "na-" instrumentals and switches them around a bit, but everyone else seems to fall into line.  For those using "legacy" email readers, there are some accented vowels in the chart below.  I did these reconstructions several years ago and haven't gotten back to clean them up, but I suppose I stick by them for now.  Anyone who can fill in blanks or make corrections, please feel free to do so.
 

Outer instrumentals:

         by  shooting      by cutting         by temperature

PSi     *wa?óo-            *wahaa                  aRáa-

CR             oo-                     aa-                  alá-                 

HI                                      ha-                   ará-                 

MA                               wá-                        rá-                 

LA        wo-                  wa-                        na-

DA        bo-                   ba-                         na-                 

CH        boo-                ba-                         dáa-   

WI        boo-               maaN-                     taa-  

OP        mó-                 má-                        na-                

KS        bó-                  bá-                        dáa-   

OS        pó-                  pá-                        táa-                

QU       pó-                  pá-                         táa-                  

BI                                                            adá-                    

OF                                                           ata-                     

TU                                                           ala~na-   

 

Bob