Etudes Finno-Ougriennes, Vol. 34

Thu Mar 20 08:16:02 UTC 2003

>From Antoine Chalvin <achalvin at waika9.com>:

We are pleased to inform you of the release of the latest issue of
the journal "Etudes Finno-Ougriennes" (editors : Jean Perrot & Jean-Luc
Moreau). Below are the table of contents of the volume (in
French), as well as abstracts in English.

"Etudes Finno-Ougriennes" is published yearly in Paris by the ADEFO
(Association pour le Développement des Etudes Finno-Ougriennes),
e-mail: adefo at adefo.org   Internet: http://www.adefo.org/

Order from: Editions L'Harmattan, 5-7 rue de l'Ecole-Polytechnique,
F-75005 Paris.
Price: 28 euros

-------------

ETUDES FINNO-OUGRIENNES
Tome 34 - Année 2002 - 276 p. - 28 euros
ISSN 0071-2051   ISBN 2-7475-4108-8

ARTICLES
- Kaur MÄGI, La naissance d'une langue écrite nenets des forêts : le
travail sur l'orthographe
- Eva TOULOUZE, Critique et création littéraire en Oudmourtie : la voix
originale de Viktor Shibanov
- Dominique SAMSON-NORMAND de CHAMBOURG, Du frère tombé du ciel au frère
retrouvé : brèves apostilles à la littérature mansie
- Julien GUESLIN, Identité estonienne et identité européenne :
l'expérience fondamentale de la période démocratique (1918-1934)
- Antoine CHALVIN, L'autonomie culturelle des minorités nationales en
Estonie
- Eva HAVU, Les termes d'adresse en finnois
- Maria Noëlla NILSSON, Le pouvoir des femmes dans le Kalevala
- Bernard LE CALLOCH, L'ambassade à Paris de Ladislas Teleki (1848-1849)
- Béla BÜKY, Conflits et résistance psychique chez Endre Ady

CHRONIQUE
- Péter Hajdú (1923-2002) (Jean Perrot)
- "Entre les deux rives" : sixième colloque contrastif français-finnois,
Helsinki, 27-28 septembre 2002 (Outi Duvallon)

COMPTES RENDUS
- Xantyjskaja Literatura (Dominique Samson-Normand de Chambourg)
- Sivers (Fanny de), Parlons live, une langue de la Baltique (Vincent
Lorenzini)
- Mériot (Christian), Tradition et modernité chez les Sâmes (Bernard Le
Calloc'h)
- Raag (Virve), The Effects of Planned Change on Estonian Morphology
(Antoine Chalvin)
- Szende (Thomas), Kassai (Georges), Grammaire fondamentale du hongrois
(Jean Perrot)

ABSTRACTS

Kaur MÄGI : The Emergence of a Written Forest Nenets: Creating an
Orthography

In the last decade, five or six books have been published (totally or
partially)- in Forest Nenets. Until then, Forest Nenets had been used
solely for oral communication, since -for historical reasons- no official
literary language had ever been created for this small people of Western
Siberia. This article concentrates on the spellings used by various
authors, and on the differences between them - special attention being paid
to the notation of phonemes not existing in Russian nor in the Cyrillic
alphabet, and to phonemes possessing allophones with different
pronunciations. We are also presented with the general background and
possible influences of each author, since these might go towards explaining
differences in their choices.

Eva TOULOUZE : Viktor Shibanov, an Original Voice in Udmurtia's Criticism
and Creative Writing

This article introduces us to Viktor Shibanov and to his many-sided
talent: Shibanov, an outstanding intellectual of Udmurtia, is all at once
poet, university lecturer, researcher, and a promoter of his nation's
culture. His attempts to create a new Udmurt cultural identity, and to
present it to the world - through his own literary work, and through his
academic one, do not, however, turn their back on Udmurt tradition, but
remain deeply rooted in it. Although he is sharply aware of his people's
tradition, Shibanov stays in constant connection to our contemporary world,
and to urban and cosmopolitan culture. A scholar well acquainted with most
modern intellectual and literary theories, Shibanov paves the way for a new
approach, applying to Udmurt texts those analytical methods used today in
world literature, while predecessors used mostly a historical approach. He
thus deals with Udmurt literary works as do modern scholars with any other
texts of world literature, never forgetting the specific life and
unfolding of each text.

Dominique SAMSON-NORMAND de CHAMBOURG : From the Brother Fallen from
Heaven to the Brother Who Was Recovered: Short Apostils to Mansi Literature

Mansi literature of the 1930s was clearly an outgrowth of Soviet
boarding-school education, an outcome of the Revolution which so deeply
bruised the sensitivities of the indigenous peoples - whereas previous
educational experience, so casually dispensed by the Imperial authorities,
had had negligible impact, restricted as it had been to partly russified
Mansi people (be they children of the Mansi upper class, or offspring of
the local urban poor who'd closely identified with the Russian way of
life). If Juvan Shestalov seems to be the best-known Mansi author, his name
should not overshadow those of other Ugrian writers: the mysterious pioneer
Pantelei Evrin, whose real name was Pantelei Cheimatov; the
teacher-storyteller Anna Mitrofanovna Konkova, born in 1916; or Matra
Vahrusheva, made famous by memories of her childhood and youth, in her
book 'On The Shores of Little Ukonda River'; and Andrei Tarhanov, the
unrepentant poet of the Konda. From the model biography written in the
1930s, down to the essay 'Reguly' (1997), this paper tries to afford the
reader with a few reflections intended to shed a little more light on the
roots of Mansi writing.

Julien GUESLIN : Estonian Identity and European Identity: the Fundamental
Experience of the Democratic Period (1918-1934)

Following the beginning of the first Estonian independence, the young
Estonian elite integrated the idea of Europe in their reflection on
Estonian identity. Opposing Asiatic, archaic Russia to European
civilization, they were hoping the great powers would, once and for all,
accept the idea of independent Estonia. After existence of the new state had
been acknowledged, politics for modernizing society, as well as the creation
of a state administration, were both connected to a wish for accelerating
integration with Western European states, and for wiping out all memories
of German and Russian domination. In the 1920s, the ideas defended by
European movements found a large response among the Estonian elite. A Europe
in which law triumphed meant for Estonia the end of the 'balance of powers'-
and also, meant not having to choose between coalitions of powers. A Europe
where trade barriers disappeared meant a possible increase in exports, as
well as new markets for industries. Even though nationalistic feelings
remained strong, several Estonians created pro-European associations. At
the beginning of the 1930s, the substantial role played by K.R.Pusta played
a great part in establishing the notion of Estonia as a developed,
democratic Baltic state, in spite of its modest size.

Antoine  CHALVIN : Cultural Autonomy of National Minorities in Estonia

In 1993, Estonia passed a law granting national minorities the possibility
to gain access to 'cultural autonomy', a status considered by many authors
as extremely attractive for such population groups. And yet today, nine
years after the law became official, none of Estonia's minorities
possesses this status, and only one (the Ingrian Finns) has initiated a
process towards obtaining it. This article examines the main framework of
the law, reviewing such minorities as could benefit from it, and tries to
understand why, though it has often been cited as a model, it has not been
put into practice, as well as why national minorities of present-day Estonia
have, as yet, apparently shown little interest.

Eva HAVU : Terms of Address in Finnish

Besides pronouns 'sinä' (you, singular), 'te' (you, plural) and 'hän'
(he/she), Finnish affords speakers with other terms of address,- the choice
of a form depending, according to Yli-Vakkuri (1989), on the following
communicational situations: I. official, public situations (ceremonies), in
which the most frequent solution is to use pronoun 'te', along with title
and a noun of address ('I ask you, Mr. President, to...'); II. unofficial,
yet formal, situations, in which one detects obvious uncertainty in the
speaker's choice of an adequate form of address, and where one finds, in
addition to the pronouns mentioned above, either merely absence of pronoun,
or use of an impersonal form - nouns of address rarely appearing in such
situations; III. informal, colloquial, intimate situations, where 'sinä',
sometimes used along with a noun of address, is the only pronoun to appear.
Unofficial, yet formal, situations, therefore clearly reflect deep-rooted
linguistic instability; Noponen, however (1999), believes that in future,
only pronoun 'sinä' will appear in such situations, use of 'te' becoming
confined to official, public situations.

Maria Noëlla NILSSON : The Power of Women in the Kalevala

It may be of interest to show how, in the Kalevala, whereas men characters
act in the open light, the womens universe stands in shadow. Depicted are
several generations of women - from energetic mothers, such as Louhi,
mistress of Pohjola, or Lemminkäinen's mother, down to newly-wed young
women, along with young maids and girls: the strong Annikki, the unhappy
Aino. One may also observe a whole pantheon of female deities who seem to
evolve on the same plane as do humans. To speak about women, and their
relations to men, necessarily brings in the question of power, which
founds the opposition between men and women. The way women take part in the
story, as well as in the lyrical poems, the wedding poems or the ritual
incantations -traditionally sung by women- gives us indications on the
nature of female power in the Kalevala. By 'power', we mean social
power, but also, power given by certain specific fields of knowledge, or
even that more secret power linked to the body, which we might term 'magic'.

Bernard LE CALLOCH : László Teleki's Embassy to Paris (1848-1849)

In September 1848, Count László Teleki was delegated to Paris as
ambassador to France by the new independent Hungarian government of Lajos
Batthyány. Cavaignac, however -head of the French executive power- in spite
of his sympathy for the Hungarian Insurgents' claims, had no wish to upset
the balance of European diplomatic relations: he firmly believed Austria was
essential to this, inasmuch as it balanced out Prussian supremacy in
Central Europe. Acknowledging the independence of Hungary would have been
too dangerous, since just a short time before, Austrian armies had once
again got the better of the Hungarian revolutionary forces, forcing the
newly-formed Hungarian government to flee to Debrecen. Though his
credentials had therefore been refused, Teleki was allowed to unofficially
open an embassy in Paris, and became head of a press campaign decidedly
set on explaining the will of Hungary to exist independently and rid itself
of Habsburg oppression, throwing off any foreign yoke. At the same time,
Teleki tried to convince Slavic and Rumanian political emigrants in Paris
to adopt his views regarding a Danubian confederation - results, however,
proving fairly poor; only the Poles rallied to it to some degree. One
after the other, the various French governments were equally reluctant to
intervene in Hungary's defence against both Austrian and Russian
interventions. Teleki's mission ended in August 1849, after Hungarian
defeat at Világos - having come out with no truly positive results.

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