New Book: Philosophy in the Flesh

[George Lakoff]

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                            Just Published!

                                                  PHILOSOPHY IN THE FLESH

                         The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought

                                                George Lakoff and Mark Johnson

                                                             Basic Books

                                               Hardcover, 624 pages, $30
list price

                          $21 + shipping at Amazon.com and BarnesandNoble.com




Thought is mostly unconscious.
The mind is inherently embodied.
Abstract concepts are largely metaphorical.

       These are three major findings in cognitive science that contradict
most of Western philosophy, including both Anglo-American analytic
philosophy and postmodernist philosophy.

       This book asks, What would happen if we started with these empirical
discoveries about the nature of mind and constructed philosophy anew from
there?

       Virtually everything changes when the embodiment of mind is taken
into account:

-New understandings of truth and of science are required.

-The most basic philosophical ideas-time, events, causes, the mind, the
self, and morality-are reanalyzed in detail and shown to be radically
different than the Western tradition has supposed.

-Great philosophical theories-from the Presocratics, Plato and Aristotle to
Descartes and Kant to analytic philosophy-are shown to be composed out of a
small number of metaphors taken as eternal truths.

-Even contemporary accounts of language (Chomskyan linguistics) and
rationality (the rational actor model using game theory) are shown to have
a metaphorical basis.

       Most importantly, the very idea of what a human being is changes
radically.

-There is no Cartesian person, whose essence is a mind separate from, and
independent of the body.

-There is no Kantian, radically autonomous person, with an absolute freedom
and a transcendent universal reason that correctly dictates what is and
isn't moral.

-There is no utilitarian person, for whom rationality is economic
rationality-the maximization of utility.

-There is no postmodernist person-no completely decentered subject for whom
all meaning is arbitrary, totally relative, and purely historically
contingent.

-There is no person as posed by analytic philosophy for whom truth is a
correspondence between words and the world, independent of human psychology
and biology.

-There is no computational person, whose mind is like computer software
able to work on any suitable computer or neural hardware.

-There is no Chomskyan person, for whom language is pure syntax, pure form
insulated from and independent of all meaning, context, perception,
emotion, memory, attention, action, and the dynamic nature of communication
and whom language is a total genetic innovation that began with human
beings.

     Contemporary cognitive science reveals that we human beings are
radically different kinds of creatures than Western philosophy has taught
us that we were.


GEORGE LAKOFF is Professor of Linguistics at the University of California
at Berkeley. He has served on the Governing Board of the Cognitive Science
Society and has been President of the International Cognitive Linguistics
Association.

MARK JOHNSON is Professor of Philosophy and Chair of the Philosophy
Department at the University of Oregon.



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