[gothic-l] Re: Goth=Gad

[dirk at SMRA.CO.UK]

Is that a joke or is that yet another example of 'creative' 
linguistics to support weird theories?

Dirk




--- In gothic-l at y..., Yair Davidi <britam at n...> wrote:
> Extracts from "THe Tribes" by Yair Davidi
> THE TRIBE OF GAD OR "GOTH"
> 
> THE DISPERSION OF GAD
> 
> Names reminiscent of Gad are traced throughout this book to peoples 
> otherwise known to have been of Israelite descent. The Tribe of Gad 
was 
> exiled with Reuben and the half-tribe of Menasseh to Halah, Habor, 
the 
> River of Gozan, and to Hara. Gad re-appeared as the Guti who were 
allied to 
> the Saka and Gimiri (Cimiri) in Mesopotamia and the Zagros Mountains 
> region. From this area the Guti split into known groups. One group 
went 
> west to become the Geti of the Balkans. Another group was in the 
east 
> branching out from Hara in eastern Iran. In the sphere surrounding 
the area 
> of "Hara" the Gadites reappeared as the Pasar-Gadae, in the name 
Gadrosia, 
> in the Gadanopydres of Carmania; and in the Gu-te (Goths) whose name 
is 
> sometimes mistakenly transliterated as "Yuehchi"1. The name "Goth" 
itself 
> means GAD and is another way of enunciating it in Hebrew while the 
Goths 
> actually in some cases referred to themselves by the term "Gad" or 
> something close to it.. The Goths are recorded as having called 
themselves 
> "GUDA"2 or "GODO"3.. "GAD" is recognized as a root occurring in 
Gothic 
> toponomy4; i.e. the root "GAD" in a place-name is accepted by 
historians as 
> evidence indicating that that place was probably once connected with 
the 
> Goths. Gadites were also known in Scotland (as "Gadeni") and Ireland 
as the 
> "Gaedhals".
> 
> THE GOTHS OF GAD
> 
>          Goths were to be found amongst the sundry northern tribes 
who 
> invaded England with the Anglo-Saxons and a Saxon group was known as 
the 
> GEDDINGAS.
>          The main body of Gad was that associated with the Goths and 
with 
> the so-called "Nordic" peoples. Goths were to settle in many lands 
but 
> numerically they probably remained concentrated in Scandinavia and 
Sweden 
> (Gotaland and Gothia)5 is the only place where today they can be 
> distinguished as a specific people.
>          The sons of Gad (Genesis 46, Numbers 26) were Ziphion 
(Hebrew: 
> Tsifion: öôéåï), Haggi (Chaggiçâé:), Shuni: ((ùåðé, Ezbon (Etsbon: 
òöáåï), 
> Eri: (Geri: òøé), Arodi (òøåãé) and Areli ((àøàìé. Zipion (Tsiphion) 
is 
> recalled in the Thaifalli who were close allies of the Goths. From 
the east 
> they came westward with the Hun invasion and apparently settled in 
France6. 
> The name of the second son, Haggi is close to that of "Huga"7 which 
name 
> was applied to the Franks in the north. The Franks consisted mainly 
of 
> clans from Reuben with supplements from others, especially Menasseh. 
> Nevertheless, the two tribes, Gad and Reuben, had been together on 
the 
> other side of the Jordan and were also exiled together so that 
groups from 
> one were to be found in the domain of the other. In an area 
associated with 
> the Goths in eastern Scythia. Ptolemy's Map of central Scythia has a 
people 
> north of the Jaxartes River named CACHAGE Scythae and this name too 
derives 
> from Hagi or "Chagi". Likewise, Chagi is found in the CHAUKI 
(Hocings)8 who 
> were a Frisian nation whose lands were overtaken in about 200 CE by 
Saxons 
> coming west from Holstein. The Chauci were obliged to leave their 
lands and 
> become amalgamated mainly with the Franks9 though some were absorbed 
by the 
> Saxons10. Tacitus11 describes the Chauci as the noblest of German 
tribes, 
> "So constituted as to prefer to protect their vast domain by justice 
> alone...yet they are ready with arms, and if circumstances should 
require 
> with armies, men, and horses in abundance." There was also a people 
named 
> Cauci in Celtic Ireland who were related to the Chauci on the 
Continent. 
> The Batavia who settled in Holland were regarded as part of the 
Chauci. 
> They form a contingent from Gad amongst the Dutch population. Pliny 
> included the Chauci in the Ingueone group of "German" tribes 
together with 
> the Cimbri and Teutoni. The Ingueones relate to Yngvi12. In 
mythology, 
> Yngvi (of the Ingueone group) was a son of the god Odin and an 
ancestor of 
> the Swedish kings whose dynasty was known as the Yinglings13. This 
> association connects the Ingueones (Chauci, Teutons, and Cimbri) 
with the 
> Swedes. The Cimbri were located by Ptolemy in Jutland where their 
name is 
> recalled in the modern places of Himmerland and Himmersyssel14. [The 
sounds 
> "k", "c", "ch", and "h", interchange in studies of that era, thus 
"Cimmer" 
> or "Kimmer" becomes "Himmer"]. The name also occurs in Uppland 
Himbran 
> (Uppsala in Sweden), Hymber in south Norway, and Himbrin and 
Himmerstein in 
> Trondheim, also Norway. There is also Krimisham in Sweden and quite 
a few 
> place-names containing the root-word "hammer" indicating a possible 
> Cimbrian association. Simon Grunau15 (ca.1530) wrote that the 
Swedish Isle 
> of Gothland was formerly known as Cymbria and that Goths had 
resettled it, 
> in about 500 BCE, after being forced out of Italy which they had 
invaded 
> previously. He also said that the name Bruthenia was given once to 
northern 
> Prussia as a result of Gothic settlement. "Bruthenia" is probably a 
version 
> of "Brith" which name (meaning "covenant") accompanied the 
Cimmerians also 
> to Britain. The Cimbrians were traditionally descended from the 
Cimmerians 
> (Gimiri) of old and the triumvirate of Saka, Gimiri, and Guti 
(Goths) had 
> been known since the Assyrian era.  In some respects this threesome 
> overlapped the two-and-a-half-Tribes who had settled east of the 
Jordan, 
> i.e. the Cimmerians partly from Carmi: of Reuben, the Amyrgio-Sakae 
from 
> Machir of half-Menasseh and the Guti from Gad.
>          The ancient Guti were paralleled in Scandinavia by the 
Geats or 
> Goths.  The name "GUTI" itself in Scandinavia was used synonymously 
with 
> Goth16. The Gimiri (Cimmri) became the Cimbri who descended from 
them and 
> who were spread throughout Scandinavia with an historical connection 
with 
> Denmark. The Cimbri were close allies of the Teutons whom Ptolemy 
located 
> south of the Saxones and north of the (Aggiloi) Anglii. The Teutons 
were to 
> be swept up in the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain. The name Teuton 
is 
> cognate with "Teutarus" who according to legend was a Scythian and 
taught 
> Hercules archery. The term "TEUTON" is connected to that of Tahan, 
son of 
> Ephraim, son of Joseph. A similar form "TAHAT" (cf. Numbers 26; 35, 
and 
> 1-Chronicles 7; 20) was also known amongst the Tribe of Ephraim. 
"Tahan" 
> and "Tahat" are considered either one and the same entity17 or at 
least 
> related bodies. The Saxons represent the SAKAE of old meaning the 
Scyths.
>          The sons of Gad were Ziphion and Haggi as well as Shuni:, 
Ezbon, 
> Eri:, and Arodi, and Areli (Genesis 46;16). Haggi (Chaggi) and Eri: 
(Geri) 
> were represented in tribes of East Scythia who in the west became 
> associated with the Goths and Suebians. Serica in Eastern Siberia 
was once 
> the domain of the eastern Suebi. This was prior to a drastic 
climatic 
> change in that region. Also in Serica there dwelt a number of other 
groups 
> who later reappeared in the west and who were of Israelite descent. 
One of 
> these were the GARINAEI18, descendants of ERI (Geri) who reappeared 
as the 
> GRANI of Sweden who were noticed by Jordanes19. The Greuthingi [also 
from 
> "Eri:" i.e. Geri: òøé] were a section of the Goths who intermingled 
with 
> the Ostrogoths on the Black Sea coast. They are the same people as 
the 
> GREOTINGI whom Jordanes20 reported as being in Sweden.
> 
> WERE THE GOTHS IN SCOTLAND???
>          The Gadeni of Scotland may have been derived from Gad. The 
Goths 
> had some type of connection with Scotland and some English authors 
named 
> them Ysgoths:29. In 1404 Archbishop Johannes de Gabonifontibus (who 
had 
> been in England) reported: "Two small nations are living along and 
around 
> the Black Sea; the Thats and a few Goths. The Goths claim to have 
descended 
> from the Scots and speak like the English"30.  The Thats 
incidentally were 
> related to the original Teutons of old. A section of them practiced 
Judaism 
> and are known as "The Mountain Jews". These have been often traced 
to the 
> Khazars.
> 
> THE SONS OF GAD
> 
> "And the sons of Gad; Ziphion, and Haggi, Shuni:, and Ezbon, Eri:, 
and 
> Arodi, and Areli" Genesis 46; 16.
> 
> "The children of Gad after their families; of Zephon, the family of 
the 
> Zephoni: of Haggi, the family of the Haggi: of Shuni:, the family of 
the 
> Shuni::
> "Of Ozni, the family of the Ozni: of Eri:, the family of the Eri::
> "Of Arod, the family of the Arodi: of Areli, the family of the 
Areli.
> "These are the families of the children of Gad according to those 
that were 
> numbered of them, forty thousand and five hundred.
> Numbers 26; 15-18).
> 
> DAN AND THE SONS OF GAD:
> THE SHUNI OF SWEDEN.
> 
>          The DANS (DAN) who finally settled in Denmark 
traditionally33 
> formerly sojourned in Sweden within whose land the Tribe of Gad 
> predominated. Sweden34 was formed when the kingdom of the 
Swedish-Goths 
> (Gautland) united with that of the Svea. The Svea were known to the 
Latins 
> as Suiones. Tacitus mentions, (Germania 44) "The states of the 
SUIONES 
> right out in the sea. They are powerful not only in arms and men but 
also 
> in fleets". "SUIONES" (Svea) is similar to THE Hebrew Shuni: the 
third son, 
> whose name in Biblical times in the north was perhaps pronounceable 
as 
> "SUONI" ["S" for "SH" cf. Judges 12;6  "Siboleth" instead of 
"Shiboleth"; 
> and "u" or "wu" before "o"].
>          The union of Gad and Dan, who in Biblical times were close 
> neighbors, was repeated in the Gauti and Dauni which groups, says 
Ptolemy, 
> were on the Baltic coast.
>          The Goths were to dominate the region of Scythia, north of 
the 
> Black Sea, and here river names, such as Don, Danaper (Dnieper), 
Danaster, 
> and Danube, all bear witness to the presence of Dan. Strabo35 says 
> expressly that the DANUBE was known to have received its name from 
the 
> Scyths . The Aorsi (from north of the Caucasus) are connected with 
> Scandinavia and they were neighboured by the UDINI36 whose name is 
said to 
> mean "The DONS".  Amongst Scythian (and Gothic) clans the name DAN 
or 
> compounds of it is considered typical37.
> 
> DAN AND THE SONS OF GAD: THE ARODI AND ARELI OF NORWAY AND SWEDEN.
> 
>          The Arodi and Areli of Gad were also once linked with 
Denmark of 
> Dan. Denmark of the Danes was for a time ruled by the Hread-Goths or 
> Hrodgoths38 who were related to the HARUDI (Hardi) which tribe from 
Denmark 
> migrated to Hordaland39 in Norway in the 200s and 300s CE. Also once 
in 
> Denmark were the ERULI (Harules) who were expelled somewhere between 
> 100-500 CE40 and wandered extensively before finally returning to 
> Scandinavia where some may have received part of their former 
patrimony in 
> Denmark back while others (possibly the bulk) settled in Sweden*. 
The 
> Herules are famous as a fierce, energetic, and knowledgeable 
people41. More 
> than any other group they are considered to have been masters of the 
> semi-secret Runic script. Runes, on the whole, in the early stages 
were 
> especially associated with Gothic civilization that was reasonably 
cultured 
> despite hostile and primitive surroundings. RUNIC letters originated 
in the 
> Middle East and are derived from the ancient HEBREW script. Both the 
Harudi 
> and Eruli (Harules) are related to sons of Gad, Harudi from the 
Arodi of 
> Gad, and Eruli from Areli (Numbers 26; 17).
> 
> THE SONS OF GAD:
> EZBON (ETSBON) ALSO CALLED OZNI
>          From the above it is apparent that the sons of Gad were 
> represented in Tribal groups which were part of, or somehow 
associated with 
> the Gothic nation. Most of these groups had representative settlers 
in 
> Sweden: Ziphion was found in the Thaifali, who were Gothic-allies; 
Haggi 
> appears in the Chauci and amongst the Hugi Franks and the Hocings of 
> England, and the Yinglings of Sweden; Eri: (Geri) was represented by 
the 
> Grani and Greotingi of Sweden and the Goths; Shuni: (Suoni) by the 
Suiones 
> of Sweden; Arodi by the Hreadgoths and Harudi; and Areli by the 
Eruli or 
> Herules. The only son not accounted for so far is Ezbon (Etsbon) 
(Genesis 
> 46;16) "Etsbon" of Gad fathered the Hasdingas42 who were a branch of 
the 
> Vandals who  marched together with the Goths43 and shared the same 
dialect 
> and customs. A branch of the Hasdingas participated in the 
Anglo-Saxon 
> invasions of Britain where they were known as Hastings44.
> Ezbon was also called Ozni (Numbers 26;16) whose name is found in 
that of 
> Osnabruch which is in west Germany but was once Frankish territory. 
The 
> name "Etsbon" is recognizable in the Bastarnae and Hasdingas. The 
Bastarnae 
> seem to have disappeared somewhere in France. The Bastarnae had been 
first 
> reported as allied to the Goths and were referred to as "GALATIANS". 
The 
> appellation "Galatian" comes from the Hebrew "Galaadi" (i.e. Gilead) 
which 
> was the name of a grandson of Menasseh whose territory in the Land 
of 
> Israel had intermerged with the territory of Gad. In another sense 
"GILEAD" 
> and "Bashan" were names applied to the COMBINED territories east of 
the 
> Jordan of half-Menasseh, Reuben, and GAD (cf. Joshua 22;9):
> 
> "And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half 
tribe of 
> Manasseh returned, and departed from the children of Israel out of 
Shiloh, 
> which is in the land of Canaan, to go unto the country of Gilead, to 
the 
> land of their possession, whereof they were possessed, according to 
the 
> word of the LORD by the hand of Moses" (Joshua 22:9).
> 
> 
> 
> The Huguenots from Hugo or Haggi of Gad
> 
>          The Huguenots are identified as the Calvinist Protestants 
of 
> France though they probably existed before Calvin. Ruth Shecter, an 
author 
> and researcher at the Beer Sheva University in Israel says that the 
> Calvinists were basically Hebraic in character and mind-set.  The 
Huguenots 
> were persecuted and many of them fled to other lands. The name 
"Huguenot" 
> is derived from that of a legendary king named Hugon or HUGO. The 
11th 
> edition of the Encyclopedia Brittanica quotes from Henri Estienne 
(1566) 
> who said that the Protestants at Tours used to assemble at night 
near the 
> gate of King Hugo whom the people regarded as a spirit. A monk in a 
sermon 
> said that the Protestants should be called Huguenots since like the 
> spirit-king Hugo they only went out at night. They were therefore 
called 
> Huguenots and the name became popular from 1560 onwards. "HUGO" WAS 
INDEED 
> THE SOURCE OF THE NAME! The chief concentrations of Huguenots today 
in 
> France are in Vendee in the west (once known as Pictavia), in the 
region of 
> Paris, and in regions situated along the course of the Rhone River 
in the 
> southeast. In the past Strasbourg in the east was once important. As 
> mentioned the Huguenots were persecuted and suffered from massacres 
and 
> expulsions. After 1685 about 400,000 Huguenots emigrated to Prussia, 
> Holland, Britain, Switzerland, and North America. Among the Boer 
> (Dutch-dominated) settlers of South Africa were many of Huguenot 
origin.
>          The legend of King HUGO was known from the southeast area 
of 
> France. The Huguenots displayed strong Israelite characteristics, 
appear to 
> have been mainly of one ethnic cast, and came from areas in France 
where 
> the Goths of Gad had once been present: The southeast of France was 
once 
> called "Gothia" due to the Goths having ruled and settled there.  
Amongst 
> the Goths there movements to Judaize. They themselves believed that 
they 
> were descended from Israel. Jews from this region were also called 
"Goth" 
> and the terms "Jew" and "Goth" were used synonymously! The historian 
Arhur 
> J. Zuckerman believed that Jews were referred to as "Goths": because 
they 
> often came from the region of Narbonne which was also known as 
> "Gothia".  One opinion holds that many of the Goths in southeast 
France and 
> Spain at some early stage converted to Judaism!  A few Jewish 
Marranos 
> became Hugeonots. The Hugeonots on the whole were a very positive 
and 
> valuable element in French society. During the Second World War the 
> Hugeonots of France and the Calvinists of Holland probably more than 
any 
> other group risked their lives to save Jews from extermination by 
the Germans.
> 
> GAD IN JUDAIC SOURCES
> 
>          Jacob (Israel) the patriarch prophesied of Gad, "A troop 
overcame 
> him: but he shall overcome at the last" (Genesis 49;19). This 
Prophecy was 
> perhaps exemplified when the Huns' hordes overcame the Goths and 
forced 
> them to participate in the western invasions. On Attila's death a 
revolt by 
> the Goths and their Gepid kin destroyed the Hun domination46. The 
great 
> commentator Don Isaac Abarbanel47, after analyzing and weighing all 
the 
> Biblical verses referring to Gad, came to (the inferred) conclusion 
that 
> Gad would be numerous and divided into many groups which, 
nevertheless, 
> would maintain some form of contact and be capable of concerted 
action. 
> Historically, this concept did fit the Gothic peoples though it is 
> difficult to see what applicability it could possibly have today. 
According 
> to the Zohar48 the animal-symbol of the Tribe of Gad was the kid of 
a sheep 
> or goat. This was based on the word for KID, "GADI", which is 
similar to 
> Gad. Similarly the Goths of history are said to have had a GOAT as 
their 
> symbolic-animal49. The name "GAD" in Biblical Hebrew is also 
connected to 
> the word for groups or legions and also for deity50 and the Goths of 
> history interpreted their name to mean "People (Chosen) of God"51. 
Popular 
> traditions (such as that related by John Mandeville, 1499) 
identified the 
> GOTHS of history with the LOST TEN TRIBES OF ISRAEL:.
>          Midrashic opinion holds that the Tribes over the Jordan 
which 
> included Gad, Reuben, and half Menasseh were the first to be exiled 
and 
> that they like the other tribes will be redeemed in the future.
>          Historically, Goths and Gothic clans and sub-tribes were 
shown as 
> having been present in both the Scythian areas and in Scandinavia. 
From 
> Scythia they disappeared but their descendants, as a recognizable 
entity, 
> remain in Scandinavia. The migratory connection between Scythia and 
> Scandinavia is reflected in the Mythology of Odin that relates how 
people 
> from the Don River area in southern Russia migrated to Scandinavia.
>          The Tribe of Reuben had neighbored GAD and was exiled with 
it. 
> Consequently, a certain overlapping may be noticed between groups 
> identified as part of Gad and those seen to have come from Reuben. 
REUBEN 
> appears to have been the dominating factor in the FRANK federations 
of West 
> European history. Apart from Scandinavia, the second most important 
area of 
> GOTHIC settlement was in southern France (Septimania) in the region 
> surrounding the city of Narbonne, which province was known as 
"GOTHIA", and 
> here too, the FRANKS (of Reuben) adjoined the Goths of Gad.
> 
> 
> PEOPLES OF GAD
> GAD  a name for Goth.
> 
> Gudos was also a name for the Goths.
> Getae were a Gothic group in the Balkans and Scandinavia or the name 
is 
> just another form of Goth.
> 
> Guti was a name for the Goths both in Scandinavia and east of the 
Caspian 
> though some modern historians incorrectly transliterate the name 
(from 
> Chinese characters) as "Yueh-chi".
> 
> Guthones = Goths on Baltic coast.
> Gautoi in Scandinavia.
>   Gadrosia in Iran.,
> Gad was a name for Goths and an identifying root in Gothic toponomy.
> Pasargadoi meant "Sons of Gad" in ancient Iran.
> Thatagydes in ancient Afghanistan: "Thata-" represented the Teutons 
and 
> "Gydes" the Goths.
> Gadeni in Scotland.
> Gaedhal in ancient Scotland and Ireland.
> Geddingas were an Anglo-Saxon associated sub-tribe.
> 
> 
> CLANS OF GAD:
> 
> Ziphion
>          Thaifalli (Gothic allies from Scythia migrated to France),
> 
> Haggi  (Chaggi)
> Chauci   (Franks also known as "Hugo", and as "Hocing").   Yngling 
> (Sweden), Cauci (Ireland).
> Hugeonots of France named after a legendary "Hugo" identifiable as 
"Haggi" 
> of Gad.
> 
> Shuni: (Suni)
>          Suiones (Sweden).
> Etsbon
>             Bastarnae (Gothic Galatian group moved to France), 
Astings, 
> Hastings (Vandal group invaded England and Scotland).
> Ozni
>          Osnabruch (Frankish Germany).
> 
> 
> Eri: (Geri)
>            Grani (Sweden), Greotingi (Goths, Sweden).
> 
> Arodi (Ha-Arodi)
>             Harudi (Norway), Hreadgoths (Scandinavia).
> 
> Areli (Ha-Eruli)
>          Eruli (Herules) -associated with Goths, Sweden.
> 
> Guni
>          Chouni (Huns), see Guni of Naphtali (Egan -Denmark, 
> Gugerni-  Holland).
> 
> 
> Israeli stamp showing a camp of tents. This was one of the 
traditional 
> symbols of Gad.


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