[gothic-l] Re: Romans 1-3 Reconstruction (*bruk-)

Thu Oct 21 10:21:23 UTC 2004

Hails Maththaiu,

The verb kaurjan seems to have three corresponding nouns, kaurei, 
kauritha & (un)kaureins.  At least kauritha has the concrete sense 
of a burden, and appears in the plural.  Unfortunately there's not 
all that much evidence to go on.  Both kaurei & kauritha translate 
Gk. baros, but kaurei = Lat. pondus; kauritha = Lat. onus.

>From Koebler:

kaur-ei* 1, got., sw. F. (n): nhd. Schwere, Fuelle, Last; ne. weight 
(N.), weightiness,
heaviness, load (N.); ÉG.: gr. baros; ÉE.: lat. pondus; Q.: Bi (340-
380); I.: ? Lbd.
gr. baros; E.: s. kaurus; B.: Akk. Sg. kaurein 2Kr 4,17 B

*kaur-ein-s, got., st. F. (i/Ì): nhd. Schwere, Beschwerlichkeit; ne. 
burden (N.);
Vw.: s. un-; E.: s. kaurus
kaur-ith-a* 1, got., st. F. (Ì): nhd. Last, Schwere; ne. weight 
(N.), burden (N.);
ÉG.: gr. baros; ÉE.: lat. onus; Q.: Bi (340-380); I.: ? L•s. gr. 
baros; E.: s. kaurus;
B.: Akk. Pl. kaurithos Gal 6,2 A B

un-kaur-ein-s* 1, got., st. F. (i/Ì), (Streitberg, Gotisches 
Elementarbuch, Krause,
Handbuch des Gotischen 132,3c): nhd. Unbeschwerde, 
Unbeschwerlichkeit; ne.
unburdensomeness; ÉG.: gr. abare^s; ÉE.: lat. sine onere (= in 
unkaureinom); Q.:
Bi (340-380); E.: s. un-, kaureins; B.: Dat. Pl. unkaureinom 2Kr 
11,9 B

NEW COLLEGIATE LATIN & ENGLISH DICTIONARY:
pondus  - weight, mass, burden, etc.
onus - load, burden, freight, cargo, difficulty, trouble, tax 
expence, etc.

SOME OTHER MORE OR LESS CONCRETE NOUNS IN -itha & -ei.

afgrunditha - abyss
weitwiditha - testimony
manwitha - readiness, the means to accomplish something
meritha - rumour, report
*baggwitha - dwelling, home (Koebler: "Q.: oberit. baita, lang. 
baito, Huette, gasc. baita, bei ")

mundrei - target, goal

So *brukei & *brukitha would both seem quite possible.  But not 
necessarily more so than any of the other suggestions.  Free choice, 
maybe!  Until we know better...

propitiare: How about something derived from hunls (cf. 
unhunslags 'implacable' = Gk. aspondos, Lat. sine pace; hunsla, 
na.pl. (lit. sacrifices = Gk. latreia, Lat. obsequium), e.g. hunslam 
blotan 'worship with sacrifices'; hunsl gasaljan 'offer a sacrifice 
to'; hunsla saljan 'be offering sacrifices to'; or if that's too 
concrete, maybe: *hunslagjan 'placate, propitiate'?

Llama Nom

--- In gothic-l at yahoogroups.com, "thiudans" <thiudans at y...> wrote:
> 
> Hails!
> 
> In order to finish up this inquiry and move on, I decided to do 
> some research. Comparing the various i/ja adjectives and their 
> related nouns, keeping in mind which give rise to w1 verbs and 
> which have s(I, IV, V) verbs as their sources, I tried to discover 
> patterns that would lead to a conclusive form for our noun of the 
> stem "bru'k-". Considered were: hrains, -laugns, -siuns, nems, 
> auth(ei)s, -faurs, -mains, sels, skaun(ei)s, skeirs, su'ts. A 
> number of abstract weak feminine nouns were found of the -ei 
> variety, with meaning formed from the adjective in a way akin to 
> the adding of -ness to adjectives in English. Thus hrains "clean", 
> hrainei "cleanliness"; analaugns "secret", analaugnei "secrecy". 
> This would lead us to posit a noun *bru'kei "usefulness", a word, 
> while potentially *useful*, too far off course for our present 
> desire. In addition the -eis (mIA) type was found in its usual 
> nom. agentis occasion: siuneis "seer", alongside forms 
> preferring the weak ending -ja (mN): skeirja, gamainja. This too 
> is presently out of our domain; still let us postulate 
a "bru'keis" or 
> "bru'kja" user, employer (perhaps more of a logical connexion to 
> the weak class verb than to the adjective from which it is 
> derived). Now, we have -itha (fO) in authida "desert": let us 
> postulate *bru'kitha, bru'kida (fO) "usage, use". The older dental 
> suffix of feminine abstract nouns (th, d, t) would be slightly 
more 
> difficult to insinuate here: ? *bru'hts "use". In "unsu'ti" "un-
> mildness" (from Go. su(')ts sweet) we have an example of the 
> nJA or nIA construction: let us postulate *bru'ki "usefulness". 
> This meaning is again not quite right, though it may be that the 
> idea held in Lat. "usus", Gk. "khreesis" is also here somewhere, 
> and I have followed too few examples too literally. Looking at 
> other extant Go. nouns of this class we see indeed some 
> abstracts of the type with which we are concerned: frathi (> 
> frathjan), wadi, taui, andbahti, arbi, garuni, gawairthi, kunthi, 
reiki, 
> and the -ubni/ufni nouns. Back to the adjectival inquiry: the 
> example of simplicity in -nem "taking" I admire, but must exclude 
> on account of its derivation as ablaut noun from strong verb 
> class IV. The neuter declension just mentioned has more at the 
> meaning anyhow. Lastly I would like to examine what I consider 
> the contending declension thereto, viz. the feminine i-declension 
> (ansts), which Koebler calls "i/o". Here we find a good number of 
> abstracts of the type interesting us here, many of which are 
> formed from the old dental suffix: ganists, gaskafts, gaqumths (<
> qiman), gakusts, sauhts, slauhts, urrists, waurts, thaurfts, 
> mahts, aihts, ansts; or a nasal suffix: sokns, taikns, -busns. 
> Here we might construct *(ga)bru'hts. The masculine of the 
> same declension lack the old suffixes found in the feminine, 
> have slightly more concrete sense and are equally envisionable: 
> muns "thought", staths "place", striks "stroke", thlauhs "flight". 
> Another possibility not presented in the example of the i/ja 
> adjectives compared with bru'ks, but perhaps worthy of 
> investigation, is the jo-stem feminines (bandi): haiti, wasti, 
> wundufni, fraistubni: thus *bru'ki, *bru'kjos "use".
> 
> So, to choose:
> 
> bru'kitha (fO)
> bru'ks (mI), bru'hts (fI)
> bru'ki (nIA or nJA)
> bru'ki (fJO)
> 
> That the NHG word Brauch is masc. seems to prefer the second 
> option above, i.e. bru'ks (mI). Apparently according to my 
> research this would be without precedent among the Go. i/ja 
> adjectives. Confusingly, strong masculine construction has 
> backing in the form of similar sounding Go. pair: hru'ks (mA) "a 
> crowing, a 'caw'" and hru'kjan (wv1) "crow". OE has for a noun 
> only bru'cung (which suggests Go. bru'keins (fI/O). Of course in 
> hundreds of ways Go. has seen to rebel against the 
> expectations of both WGerm. and NGerm.
> 
> 
> Any thoughts?
> 
> Cheers,
> Matthew
> 
> 
> PS: get ready for the next reconstruction project: word for 
> "propitiation" Lat. "propitiatio"

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