[Lingtyp] An ideophone for cough?
Jess Tauber
tetrahedralpt at gmail.com
Wed Mar 16 17:13:35 UTC 2022
>From the Wiki article on the language (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language):
Jeju has widespread sound symbolism
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_symbolism> in ideophones
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideophones>.[289]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKang_S.20082-309>
The
use of sound symbolism to form emphatic variants of words is more common in
Jeju than in Seoul Korean.[290]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKang_S.20084-310>
Jeju sound symbolism operates with both consonants and vowels. The
intensity of a Jeju word may be strengthened by using tense and especially
aspirate obstruents.[291]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKo_J.2011a251%E2%80%93252-311>
[292]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKang_S.200810%E2%80%9312-312>
The
sound symbolism may also be emphasized through the addition of consonants,
[293]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKang_S.20085%E2%80%936-313>
by
adding the sequence -락 *-rak* to both reduplicated segments, and with
fortition <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortition> or lenition
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition>.[294]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKang_S.20085,_7,_9-314>
The *yang* harmonic class of vowels has a bright, small connotation, and
the *yin* vowel class gives a dark, large connotation.[295]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKo_J.2011a250-315>
Ko
Jae-hwan also gives examples of three or four layers of vowel sound
symbolism.[296]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKo_J.2011255%E2%80%93258-316>
- Consonant sound symbolism:
- 고시롱 *gosirong* "savory" → 꼬시롱 *kkosirong* "[very] savory" → 코시롱
*kosirong* "[extremely] savory"[297]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKo_J.2011a252-317>
- 을강을강 *eulgang-eulgang* "[small] sound of rat gnawing teeth" → 글강글강
*geulgang-geulgang* "[large] sound of rat gnawing teeth"[298]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDictionary2009110-318>
- ᄇᆞᆯ착ᄇᆞᆯ착 *bawlchak-bawlchak* "easily angered" → ᄇᆞᆯ치락ᄇᆞᆯ치락
*bawlchirak-bawlchirak* "[very] easily angered}[299]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDictionary2009478-319>
- 크뜽크뜽 *keutteung-keutteung* "neatly aligned" → 코찡코찡
*kojjing-kojjing* "[very]
neatly aligned"[u]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-322>
- Vowel sound symbolism:
- 동골동골 *donggol-donggol* "round [of a small object]" → 둥굴둥굴
*dunggul-dunggul* "round [of a large object]"[295]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKo_J.2011a250-315>
- ᄋᆞᆼ당ᄋᆞᆼ당 *awngdang-awngdang* "[small and light] sound of muttered
complaints" → 옹당옹당 *ongdang-ongdang* "[large and heavy] sound of
muttered complaints" → 웅당웅당 *ungdang-ungdang* "[very large and very
heavy] sound of muttered complaints"[302]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKo_J.2011a255-323>
- ᄆᆞᆫ들ᄆᆞᆫ들 *mawndeul-mawndeul* "smooth to the touch [of a very small
or dry object]" → 맨들맨들 *maendeul-maendeul* "smooth to the touch [of a
somewhat small or dry object]" → 문들문들 *mundeul-mundeul* "slippery to
the touch [of a somewhat large or wet object]" → 민들민들
*mindeul-mindeul* "slippery to the touch [of a very large or wet
object]"[303]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKo_J.2011a258-324>
Multiple sound-symbolic strategies may combine in a single word. Kang S.
2008 gives eight sound symbolic variants of the ideophone ᄆᆞᆯ탁ᄆᆞᆯ탁
*mawltak-mawltak* "the shape of many objects being blunt," each more
intense than the other:[289]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKang_S.20082-309>
ᄆᆞᆯ탁ᄆᆞᆯ탁 *mawltak-mawltak* → ᄆᆞᆯ트락ᄆᆞᆯ트락 *mawlteurak-mawlteurak* → ᄆᆞᆯ착ᄆᆞᆯ착
*mawlchak-mawlchak* → ᄆᆞᆯ치락ᄆᆞᆯ치락 *mawlchirak-mawlchirak* → 뫁탁몰탁
*moltak-moltak* → 몰착몰착 *molchak-molchak* → 몰트락몰트락 *molteurak-molteurak* →
몰치락몰치락 *molchirak-molchirak*
*Jess Tauber*
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On Wed, Mar 16, 2022 at 12:55 PM Jess Tauber <tetrahedralpt at gmail.com>
wrote:
> Given the large number of terms from Standard Korean which have filtered
> into Jeju, I have to wonder whether kollokkollok isn't cognate with some
> of Korean terms proper and not a survival of original to Jejueo. Since all
> the fluent speakers are older, collecting ideophones here is a priority,
> before it is too late. Only then can these all be compared to those from
> the mainland varieties.
>
> Jess Tauber
>
>
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>
> On Wed, Mar 16, 2022 at 10:28 AM Moira Saltzman <moiras at umich.edu> wrote:
>
>> Dear Raffaele,
>>
>> In Jejueo, which was traditionally unwritten, cough is both spoken and
>> written as "kollokkollok" and the word for cough (spoken/written) is
>> d͡ʒid͡ʒʰim.
>>
>> Best,
>> Moira
>>
>> On Wed, Mar 16, 2022 at 8:54 AM NAIM Samia <samia.naim at cnrs.fr> wrote:
>>
>>> Dear Raffaele,
>>>
>>> In a number of oriental Arabic dialects one finds ʔæħħæ « cough »
>>> and ʔæħħ / jʔɨħħ « to cough ».
>>>
>>> The sound of coughing is ʔǝħħ (slightly different from the sound of
>>> feeling cold ʔaħħ).
>>>
>>> The verbal form is attested in standard Arabic : ʔæħħæ أحّ
>>>
>>> Note that it is quite possible that this form is an onomatopoeia since
>>> it is the only item attested under this same root.
>>> But that’s just a guess
>>> Best
>>> Samia
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Le 15 mars 2022 à 12:14, Raffaele Simone <rsimone at os.uniroma3.it> a
>>> écrit :
>>>
>>> Thanks again to everyone for the addenda.
>>>
>>> I would like to specify, however, that I was also asking if the
>>> ideophones have a *written counterpart *and, if so, which one it is (if
>>> applicable, in translitteration).
>>>
>>> Best,
>>>
>>> Raffaele
>>>
>>>
>>> l 14/03/2022 11:41, Vijay D'Souza ha scritto:
>>>
>>> Dear Raffaele,
>>>
>>> In Hrusso Aka (ISO code: hru; named 'Hruso' in Ethnologue), a language
>>> of North East India, the ideophone for cough is [kjoxuʔ kjoxuʔ].
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>> Vijay D'Souza
>>>
>>> On Fri, 11 Mar, 2022, 15:29 Raffaele Simone, <rsimone at os.uniroma3.it>
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>>
>>>> Dear all,
>>>>
>>>> working on a paper on ideophones and their place in grammar and lexicon
>>>> I happened to wonder how things are concerning cough.
>>>>
>>>> Romance languages and other which I am familiar with do not seem to
>>>> have a standard ideophone for it and even less a stable an accepted written
>>>> version of it.
>>>>
>>>> Do you know languages that have an ideophone for cough and even more a
>>>> way of indicating it in writing?
>>>>
>>>> Thanks,
>>>>
>>>> Raffaele
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> ===============
>>>> Emeritus Professor, Università Roma Tre
>>>> Hon C Lund University
>>>> Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique
>>>> Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France
>>>> Accademico della Crusca
>>>> ===============
>>>> Attività e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Lingtyp mailing list
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>>>> http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp
>>>>
>>> --
>>> ===============
>>> Emeritus Professor, Università Roma Tre
>>> Hon C Lund University
>>> Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique
>>> Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France
>>> Accademico della Crusca
>>> ===============
>>> Attività e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone
>>>
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>>
>>
>> --
>> Moira Saltzman, M.A. (she/her)
>> Ph.D. Candidate in Linguistics, University of Michigan
>> Adjunct Professor of English, University of Detroit Mercy
>> _______________________________________________
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>> http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp
>>
>
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