LL-L: "Names" [E] LOWLANDS-L, 17.JUN.1999 (01)

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From: Brandsma <brandsma at twi.tudelft.nl>
Subject: Names

>Of course, Schulz is a German name, and German is not one of the main focus
>languages of Lowlands-L.  However, here is what I know:
>
>Schulz, Schultz, Scholz, Scholtz, Schulze, etc., are all derived from Old
High
>German _Scultheizzo_.  This used to denote a position: that of the elder or
>headman of a settlement.  From this has developed Modern German _Schultheiß_,
>often translated as 'bailiff', used in reference to medieval and ancient
>history.  Literally, _Scultheizzo_ denoted the person who was named as
bearing
>the guilt (_Schuld_) or to be scolded (or worse) for the supposed misdeeds of
>his settlement's inhabitants, i.e., the person responsible.  It is often
>translated as _Dorfschulze_ in Modern German.  It is therefore something of a
>Germanic equivalent of Meyer, Mayer, Meier, etc., which are related to
English
>'mayor' and come from Latin _maior_.
>
>Getting back to the Lowlands, let it be mentioned that among the Low Saxon
(Low
>German) equivalents of the family name Schulz, etc., are Schult, Scholt and
>Schulte.  (Being a Lowlands language, Low Saxon did not participate in the
>German t > ts shift.)
>
>I hope this helped.
>
>Reinhard/Ron

Another Lowlands addition:

the Old Frisian for "Scultheizzo" is "skelta" (with derounded Umlaut). It
still appears in the Old Frisian name "scelto" or "skelto", and it's
Westerlauwer Frisian descendant "skelte". The skelta was a local judge in
Old Frisian law. The Dutch cognate of Schulz is "schout", still in use as a
function name in Belgium, I believe.

Henno

----------

From: Brandsma <brandsma at twi.tudelft.nl>
Subject: Names

>From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at geocities.com>
>Subject: Names
>
>Brian Schulz requested:
>
>> Would you please more fully explain on your statement: '(Being a
>> Lowlands language, Low Saxon did not participate in the German t > ts
>> shift.)'?
>
>Brian, I don't know how fully this will be.  Let me just say the following to
>answer your basic question.
>
>All the Lowlands languages we deal with here are West Germanic.  German
(i.e.,
>German proper, not "Low German") is variously classified as West Germanic
or as
>South Germanic.  It is different from the Lowlandic languages in that it
>underwent certain sound shifts.  The shift I was referring to is one of the
>consonant shifts, known collectively as the "second consonant shift" or "High
>German consonant shift," of about the 8th century C.E.  This involved
changing
>stops into fricatives or affricates, e.g.,
>
>-k > -kh (spelled ch)
>p > pf-
>t > ts (spelled z or tz)
>
>Examples:
>
>English  -  Low Saxon  -  Dutch  -  Afrikaans  - German
>make  -  maken  -  maken  -  maak  -  machen
>book  -  bouk (Book)  -  boek  -  boek  -  Buch
>path  -  pad (Padd)  -  pad  -  pad  - Pfad
>apple  -  appel (Appel)  -  appel  -  appel  -  Apfel
>tide  -  tiid (Tiet)  -  tijd  -  tyd  -  Zeit
>kat  -  kat (Katt)  -  kat  - kat  -  Katze
>
>Thus, German _Schulz(e)_ should be expected to correspond to Low Saxon
>_Schult(e)_, and indeed it does.

Brian,

I'll add some Westerlauwer Frisian forms for comparison. You'll see
that also Frisian is Lowlandic in this respect:

make = meitsje (with k > tsj shift, typical of both English and Frisian,
the Old Frisian was "makia")
book = boek
path = paad
apple = apel
tide ~ tiid
kat = kat (in old East Frisian [tsjEt] appears as well, displaying the same
k > tsj shift as "meitsje")

----------

From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at geocities.com>
Subject: Names

Henno wrote:

> the Old Frisian for "Scultheizzo" is "skelta" (with derounded Umlaut). It
> still appears in the Old Frisian name "scelto" or "skelto", and it's
> Westerlauwer Frisian descendant "skelte". The skelta was a local judge in
> Old Frisian law.

I assume that this _scult-_, _skelt-_, etc., are related to the verbs Low Saxon
_schel(d)-_, German _schelt-_, etc., denoting 'scold', and also to the Low Saxon
(Low German) and German noun _Schuld_ 'guilt', 'fault'.  Any disagreement?

> The Dutch cognate of Schulz is "schout", still in use as a
> function name in Belgium, I believe.

That's nicely consistent with Low Saxon _scholt_ ~ _schult_ 'village elder'.
Cf., LS _wold_ = D _woud_ 'woods', 'forest', LS _hult_ ~ _holt_ = D _hout_
'wood', LS _gold_ = D _goud_ 'gold'.

Regards,

Reinhard/Ron

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