LL-L "Language varieties" 2003.11.02 (01) [E]

[Lowlands-L]

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A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian B=Brabantish D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian
L=Limburgish LS=Lowlands Saxon (Low German) N=Northumbrian
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From: Kenneth Rohde Christiansen <kenneth at gnu.org>
Subject: LL-L "Language varieties" 2003.11.01 (01) [E/LS]

And "geern" is used in most Low Saxon dialects of The Netherlands.

> As far as I know, Dutch 'graag' is 'gaer'  or 'gaere' in (the southern
> dialects
> of) Limburgish; I'm not sure about the Limburgish dialects in Belgium and
> Germany...
>
> regards!
> Mathieu
> _______________________
> www.streektaal.net

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From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Language varieties

I wrote:

> It's _geyrn_ (<geern> [ge.I3`n] ~ [gi:3`n) in North Saxon dialects.

In many or most dialects, this geyrn is used mostly with regard to what one
does "with pleasure" or "with eagerness" on a voluntary basis (expressing
desire or consent), thus tends to be used with first and third person
subjects.  When it comes to encouraging or permitting someone (second
person) to do something, as in "please do ...", "by all means ...", "feel
free to ..." -- where in Dutch, Afrikaans and German you can use
_graag_/_graag_/_gern(e)_ -- this _geyrn_ does not apply or is not
preferable in many Lowlands Saxon (Low German) varieties, and _dryst_
(<driest> [dri:st] literally "bold(ly)", cf. German _dreist_ 'bold(ly)',
'audacious(ly)') is preferable, though _geyrn_ *is* now heard in such
contexts as well, assumedly under German influence; e.g.,

Ik wil d'n kouken GEYRN up-eten.
(G.: Ik will den Kuchen GERN aufessen.
I'd love to eat up the cake. I feel like finishing the cake.

Du kanst d'n kouken (geyrn ~) DRYST up-eten.
(G.: Du kannst den Kuchen GERN aufessen.)
Feel free to eat up the cake! Go ahead and finish the cake!

Wen du d'n kouken GEYRN up-eten wult, den kanst dat (geyrn ~) DRYST doun.
(G.: Wenn du den Kuchen GERN aufessen willst, kannst du es GERN tun.)
If you'd like to finish the cake, by all means go ahead and do so!

In this last example we have a case of desire followed by a case of
permission or encouragement.

_Geyrn_ may be used with second-person subjects if desire or eagerness is a
known or assumed fact; e.g.,

Ik weet, du wult d'n kouken GEYRN up-eten. Tja, den eet em man DRYST up!
(G.: Ich weiß, du willst den Kuchen GERN aufessen. Ja, dann iss ihn nur GERN
auf!)
I know you're dying to eat up the cake. Well, then go ahead and it is up!

Again, this is a case of desire followed by a case of permission or
encouragement.

I assume that in Dutch and Afrikaans you would tend to consistently use
_graag_, just as German consistently uses _gern_.  Is this correct?

Are there distinctions in other Lowlands language varieties that resemble
the one in LS?  How about Jutish (a non-Lowlands variety with long-standing
contacts with Northern LS)?

Regards,
Reinhard/Ron

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