LL-L "Etymology" 2004.01.19 (02) [E]

[Lowlands-L]

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L O W L A N D S - L * 19.FEB.2004 (02) * ISSN 189-5582 * LCSN 96-4226
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A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian B=Brabantish D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian
L=Limburgish LS=Lowlands Saxon (Low German) N=Northumbrian
S=Scots Sh=Shetlandic V=(West)Flemish Z=Zeelandic (Zeêuws)
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From: Gaidheal <gaidheal at yahoo.com>
Subject: Here/there/where


Feasgar math, a Lowlanders;

Sorry for sending that blank one, Ron. I pressed enter by accident!

Alright, I've been wondering about the word trio here/there/where, and their
relatives hither/thither/whither, hence/thence/whence. I've read that
there's a fourth, being "yon". That doesn't exactly fit into the pattern.
Can anyone give me any more information on this?

Beannachdan,
Uilleam Òg mhic Sheumais.

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From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Etymology

Uilleam,

Here is my penny and a half worth's of info:

Stems: *hi- (near) | *þa- (distant) | *χwa- (inderrogative)

Modern English:  here | there | where
Modern Scot:  here | thare | whaur
Old English:  hér | þǽr~þár~þér | hwǽr~hwár
Old Frisian:  hîr | thêr~dêr | hwêr
Old Saxon:  hêr~hîr | thâr | hwâr
Modern Low Saxon:  hyr (<hier) | daar | waar
Old German:  hiar~hear~hier | dâr | wâr~wâ
Modern German:  hier | da(r) (> dort) | wo
Old Norse:  hêr | þar | hvar
Modern Danish: her | der | hvor
Gothic:  hêr | þar | hwar


Note: In Yiddish, the "here" and "there" allocations have shifted, the
cognate of here having been lost and replaced with the word for "there," the
slot for "there" having taken on an alternative for "there":  דאָ do | דאָרט
dort  ~ דאָרטן dortn | װוּ wu (cf. Modern German da, dort, wo).

Modern English: hither | thither | whither
Modern Scots:  (hereawa) | (tharetil) | ?
Old English:  hider | þæder~þadder>ðider~þider | hwider~hwæder
Old Norse:   þaðra
Modern Danish:  hid | did | ?
Gothic:  hidrē

Modern English: hence | thence | whence
Modern Scots:  hyne | ? | (whaur frae)
Old English:  henne>hennes | þannes~þennes | (ME) hwannes~hwennes
Also in the sense of "hence", "off":  hen

Old English:  hionane~hionan
Old Saxon:  hionane~hionan
Middle Dutch:  henen, hēne~hin (> heen)
Old German:  hinana~hinan, hina (> hinnen, hin)

Note: *hi- also gave "he", *þa- also gave "the" and "that", *hwa- also gave
"what".

Stem: Old Germanic *jand (*across)

Modern English: yond~yon (> beyond)
Modern Scots:  yont (> ayont)
Old English:  ƽeond~ƽeondan (> yond, yon > beyond)
Middle Saxon:  gint~genten~jint (> günd(s) > gündsieds)
Early Flemish:  ghins (cf. Mondern Dutch ginds)
Old German: ? (cf. M. German jen-, jenseits)
Gothic:  jaind



Modern English: yonder
Modern Scots:  yonder
Old English:  ƺonder~ƺender
Old Frisian:  ? (> W. ginder)
Old Saxon:  gendra (> günder)
Gothic:  jaindrê


Regards,
Reinhard/Ron


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