LL-L "Language varieties" 2004.03.22 (02) [E]

[Lowlands-L]

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L O W L A N D S - L * 22.MAR.2004 (02) * ISSN 189-5582 * LCSN 96-4226
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A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian B=Brabantish D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian
L=Limburgish LS=Lowlands Saxon (Low German) N=Northumbrian
S=Scots Sh=Shetlandic V=(West)Flemish Z=Zeelandic (Zeêuws)
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From: Mathieu. van Woerkom <Mathieu.vanWoerkom at student.kun.nl>
Subject: Language varieties

Hi Ben,

In short, Low German is:

Low Franconian:
- Dutch
- Afrikaans
- Zeelandic, (Western) Flemish etc.
- A small area around Kleve, which is not Low Saxon, but closer related
  to Dutch dialects like Brabantish (Brabants)

Low Saxon:
- all dialects ranging from the Veluwe region in the Netherlands
  to the German-Polish border

High German is:
- Standard German (Hochdeutsch)
- Luxemburgish (Letzebuergesch)
- Bavarian (?)
- etc.

Limburgish does not really fit in here, it is a kind of transition area
between
Low and High German, as well as Low and Middle Franconian: Through the
years,
Limburgish has had a lot of Low Franconian influences (especially from
Brabant
and, later on, from Holland and Flanders). Originally, the area around
Cologne
(Köln) was very important though.

The German dialects around Cologne and further south towards Luxemburg and
Hessen are called Middle Franconian. This Franconian area runs all the way
to
the area around Nürnberg (!), I believe. So, except the differences between
Low
and High German, there is also the case of Low, Middle and High Franconian,
to
make it even more complicated.

But, to come back to one of your earlier question: the Bernrather line is
the
dividing line between p/f (lopen/laufen), p/pf (appel/apfel) and k/ch
(maken/machen). In addition, there is also the Ürdinger line, which marks
the
difference between ik/ich. Dialects north of both those lines are considered
Low German, dialects south of these two lines are considered High German.
Limburgish is situated right in between those two dialectical lines, by the
way.

Regards,
Mathieu

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