LL-L "History" 2008.06.27 (07) [E]

Fri Jun 27 21:27:33 UTC 2008

=========================================================================
L O W L A N D S - L  - 27 June 2008 - Volume 07
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please set the encoding mode to Unicode (UTF-8).
If viewing this in a web browser, please click on
the html toggle at the bottom of the archived page
and switch your browser's character encoding to Unicode.
=========================================================================

From: Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc. <roger.thijs at euro-support.be>
Subject: LL-L History was Re: LL-L "Language varieties" 2008.06.23 (03) [E]

 > From: Helge Tietz <helgetietz at yahoo.com>
> Subject: LL-L "Language varieties" 2008.06.22 (06) [E/LS]
> The area around Eupen-Maastricht-Liege-Aachen is linguistically indeed
very interesting and very confusing including the curious existence of
Neutral Moresnet which was a virtually independent country for almost
hundred years

I would like to say a few words about undivided Moresnet.
Actually it was never neutral, but just undivided, as such left in art. 17
of the border treaty, signed in Aachen on June 26, 1816, and, after
ratification in both the Netherlands and Prussia, finalized, by exchange of
the documents of ratification, in Kleve on September 16 1816. The report on
the exact placement of the border stones was exchanged in Emmerich on
September 23, 1818.

*Governors of Undivided Moresnet*

1. Period with 2 governors

a - The Prussian governors:

1817 Geheimer Bergrat Wilhelm Hardt
1819 Oberbergrat Johann-Martin-Daniel Mayer, director of the Bergamt of
Düren
1836 Heinrich Martins, Oberbergrat in Bonn
1852 Armand von Harenne, Landrat von Eupen (for police only)
1854 Armand von Harenne, Landrat von Eupen (completely)
1866 Landrat Freiherr von der Heydt
1868 Landrat Edward Guelcher (as delegue of the king only)
1871 Landrat Sternickel
1893 Landrat Edward Guelcher
1909 Landrat The Losen

b1 - The Dutch governors

1817 Werner Jacob, deputee of the provincial administration of Liège
1823 Joseph Brandes, registrar of the provincial administration of Liège

b2 - The Belgian governors

1835 Lambert Ernst, assistant prosecuter at the Court of Appeal of Liège
1840 Mathieu Cremer, judge at the district court of Verviers
1889 Fernand Bleyfuesz, commissioner of the district (arrondissement) of
Verviers

b3 - The German occuption force in Belgium (headed by Governor General von
Bissing)

(March) 1915 Dr. Bayer, kaiserliche Zivilkommissar bei dem Kreischef zu
Verviers

2. Period with 1 governor

(June) 1915 Justizrat Spiess (replacing ad interim Landrat The Rosen)

3. Treaty of Versailles 1919

Undivided Moresnet was assigned directly to Belgium (art. 32)
Eupen-Malmedy went formally through a voting procedure (with possibilty of
writing disapproving comments openly in a register) before being fully
integrated. (art. 33-38)

*Law*
The law valid in 1816 (French law) remained applied in undivided Moresnet.
Judicial procedures started before the Judge of peace of Aachen (Germany),
with eventually appeal at the court of Appeal in Liège (Belgium), both
acting as to old French law. This was complemented by decrees issued jointly
by the 2 governors.

*Citizenship.*
Only the original inhabitants (incl immigrants till 1820) and their direct
descendance had "neutral" citizenship of Undivided Moresnet (248 in 1818,
273 in 1865, 490 in 1918).

*Resources*

1. Moresnet

Firmin Paquet, *Le territoire contesté de Moresnet*, 1960, Verviers, Gérard,
100 pp.
(very detailled as to the legal situation, the best resource on the subject)

2. Eupen - Malmedy, including some random comments on Moresnet

J PD van Banning, *Gebiedsovergang en zijn gevolgen, getoetst aan de
praktijk van inlijving van Eupen-Malmedy door België*, 1949, Schaesberg,
Drukkerij Bykorf, 117 pp. + a large map. A PhD paper with a very interesting
legal analysis *(intended to extrapolate to the situation of the Drostamt
Tüddern, annexed by the Netherlands; later returned to Germany, is now the
municipality of "Selfkant", cf. P.M. Coebergh, Het Drostamt Tüddern, 1952,
Maastricht, 272 pp. + map)*

Roger Collinet, *L'annexation d'Eupen et Malmedy à la Belgique en 1920*,
1986, Verviers, La Dérive, 127 pp. (contains much in-chamber details of the
politics of the Belgian government)

Gerd Kleu,* Die Neuordnung der Ostkantone Belgiens (1945-1956),* 2007,
Essen, Klartext, ISBN 978-3-89871-417-7, 184 pp. (also treats briefly in
about 30 pp the period 1795-1945)

Kurt Fagnoul, *Die annulierte Annexion, Von Wiener Kongreß bis zum Ende
Bolleniens*, 1985, St. Vith, Aktuell Verlag, 225 pp.
Vocabulary: *Bollenien*: Local name for the territory annexed by Belgium in
1945, returned to Germany in 1958, governed by the Belgian General
*Bolle*(It included Bildchen, Lichtenbusch, Losheim and parts of
Leykaul and
Hemmeres)

Eupen-Malmedy und sein Gouverneur, *Denkschrift herausgegeben bei
Gelegenheit der zu Ehren des General-Leutnants Baltia am 28. Oktober 1923
veranstalteten Feier*, 1923, printed in Brussels, 143 pp large size with
insert of many glossy pages with pictures.
More about Baltia:
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Baltia
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Baltia

3. Language

Nelde, *Deutsch als Muttersprache in Belgien*, 1979 Wiesbasen, Franz Steiner
Verlag, viii + 288 pp.(includes quite some material about the "dialects")

Peusgen's Pierrot, *Alles wat däer at ömmer weete woolt över Kelemes än
Omjebung*, CD with 26 contributions, published by BRF-2, 2007 (
http://www.brf.be/brf2).
Kelmis (http://www.kelmis.be) is <http://www.kelmis.be%29+is/> the name
undivided Moresnet got in Belgium in 1919. It absorbed some other
municipalities in the seventies.
The CD is in stock at the "logos" bookshop downtown Eupen (
http://www.logos.be)

Vocabulary of the splitted Moresnet:
Western Part (1815 Netherlands, 1830 Belgian): Moresnet (now part of
Plombières (Bleyberg)) (French as administrative language)
Central Part (1815 undivided, 1919 Belgian): Neutral Moresnet, 1919: Kelmis,
La Calamine (German as administrative language)
Eastern Part (1815 Prussian, 1919 Belgian): Preußisch Moresnet, 1919
Neu-Moresnet (now part of Kelmis)  (German as administrative language)

Regards,
Roger
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lowlands-l/attachments/20080627/8e188bf9/attachment.htm>