LL-L "Language history" 2009.08.03 (06) [EN]

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L O W L A N D S - L - 03 August 2009 - Volume 06
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From: Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc. <roger.thijs at euro-support.be>
Subject: LL-L "Language history" 2009.08.03 (01) [EN]

We touched the *pre-*roman Germanic presence in Northern Belgium some days
ago.

Here is some stuff about the *post-Roman Germanic presence in
France*(5th-7th c.)

While the *Francs* had the inland, the *Saxons* had the coast of the
Boulonnais and the *Frisians* the Flemish coast as to:
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/lot2.jpg
This area before the invasion:
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/lot1.jpg
with
- *Thérouanne* as capital of the civitas of the *Morini,* later the
bishopric of Thérouanne/Terwaan
- Cassel as capital of the civitas of the *Menapii,* lost its status to
Doornik/*Tournai*, cf. bishopric Doornik
- Bavay as capital of the civitas of the  *Nervii,* lost its status to *
Cambrai,* cf. bishopric Cambrai/Kamerijk
- A*rras *as capital of the civitas of the *Atrebates* cf. bishopric
Arras/Atrecht
Charles V changed these bishoprics around 1555-1560 (aligning them, after
more then 1000 years, with the then actual political borders), creating an
enormous dissatisfaction within the catholic church.
The same area much later in the 14th century:
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/lot3.jpg
*Flanders, Hainaut, Artois, Cambrésis* would become part of the Habsburgian
Netherlands
*Calais and the Guines area* were a English bridgehead for a very long time
*The Boulonnais and more Southern the Ponthieu* (with Abeville) remained
French.
*(maps scanned from Manuel d'histoire régionale, dirigé par Alain Lottin,
Deux mille ans du "Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Tome I, Des Gaulois à la veille de la
Révolution, 2002, Lille, La Voix du Nord)*

The germanic language border shifted to the Nord and is actually virtually
coinciding with the French-Belgian border.
Cf. map;
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/langbo.jpg
*(map scanned from Louis Trenard, Histoire des Pays-Bas Français, 1972,
Toulouse, Privat)*

Many municipalities got a name with germanic elements, some analysis of
toponomy:
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/5859.jpg  Francs
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6061.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6263.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6465.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6667.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6869.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7071.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7273.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7475.jpg Saxons
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7677.jpg Romance suffix but Germanic root
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/78.jpg
*(Scanned from Denise Poulet, Nom de lieux du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, 1997,
Paris, Bonneton)*

I don't kwow if we still have supporters of celtic languages on the list. I
just add what Poulet writes about pre-celtic and celtic elements in local
toponomy=
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/27.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/2829.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/3031.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/34.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/3637.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/38.jpg
(I skipped the pages with not relevant illustrations)

For finding back the municipalities along the coast (unfortunately not
including the hamlets):
overview: http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/overv.jpg
arrondissements (districts) from South-West to North-East:
Montreuil; http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arrmon.jpg
Boulogne, Calais; http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arboul.jpg
St Omer: http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arrst0.jpg
Dunkerque: http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arrdun.jpg
(scanned from an overview inlay in "Guide Plans Littoral, 1996, Villeneuve
d'Ascq, Ravet-Anceau)

For many French names there are also Dutch-Flemish equivalents:
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl1.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl2.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl3.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl4.jpg
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl5.jpg
In the Westhoek (arrondissement Dunkerque), some older people still speakl
West-Flemish.
*(scanned from; J. M. Gantois, De Zuidelijkste Nederlanden, 1967, Wilrijk,
Oranje-Uitgaven)*
More about Gantois. http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Gantois

In the list above Gantois does not include names with slightly different
orthography, and refers to Verschueren for a complete list of municipalities
for the Westhoek:
http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/versch.jpg
*(scanned from: Verschuerens Modern Woordenboek, 6e druk met bijvoegsel tot
mid 1955, vol 1, Turnhout Brepols)*

Regards,
Roger

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