Kulak

[Robert Chandler]

Can anyone tell me when this word first became widely used in its sense of
Œrich, exploitative peasant¹?

The Oxford English Dictionary gives a quotation from as early as 1879 where
it is being used in ENGLISH with this sense (though the writer feels the
need to explain the word):

1877 D. M. WALLACE Russia (ed. 2) I. vii. 159 Not a few industrial villages
have thus fallen under the power of the Kulaki literally Fists as these
monopolists are called.

Spasibo!

R.

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