[Ads-l] rebel yell and yeehaw
Shapiro, Fred
fred.shapiro at YALE.EDU
Wed Feb 28 20:36:51 UTC 2024
I'm surprised at all this "Ee-yah" and "Yee-ah" stuff. I have always heard it solely as "Yee-hah," which I think is much more powerful.
Fred Shapiro
________________________________
From: American Dialect Society <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU> on behalf of Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at GMAIL.COM>
Sent: Wednesday, February 28, 2024 12:49 PM
To: ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
Subject: Re: rebel yell and yeehaw
More notably:
1907 _Chicago Daily News_ (Oct. 8) 1: The entire throng, estimated at that
time to number 26,000, stood up and cheered and yelled "Ee-yah" for nearly
two minutes. Jennings responded by lifting his cap and bowing to rooters on
all sides.
1908 _Sunday News_ (Charleston, S.C.) (Feb. 2) 24: Hugh Jennings, manager
of the Detroit American League champions....His "yee-ah" became a famous
war cry in a season.
JL
On Wed, Feb 28, 2024 at 12:20 PM Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com>
wrote:
> Going a bit earlier in documentation (though without a rebel reference):
>
> Pennsylvania native Hughie Jennings (1869-1928) became manager of the
> Detroit Tigers in 1907.
>
> 1907 _South Bend Tribune_ (Oct. 7) 8: That's not Hughey Jennings' famous
> yell. -- EE-YAH! (Look at 'em go!)
>
> 1908 _St. Louis Post-Dispatch_ (Sept. 5) 1: Ee-yah, ee-yah!
>
> 1914 _Semi-Weekly Star-Bulletin_ (Honolulu) (Apr. 21) 1: Ee-Yah! Ee-Yah!
> U.S.A.!
>
> 1915 _Kansas City Star_ (June 28) 10: "Ee----yah!" That's Hughie Jennings'
> battlecry out there on the coaching line at third base.
>
> 1918 _Northern Wyoming Herald_ (Cody, Wyo.) (Dec. 4) 5: Somewhere in
> France, October 23, 1918...June and July 1918...At that time the Germans
> got the full force of the Gyrene (Yank patois "Marine") battle cry "Ee-yah!"
>
> And notably:
>
> 1909 _Pittsburgh Post_ (Oct. 9) 2: Jennings was active on the coaching
> lines, however, and his "Yee-ahs" echoed and re-echoed above the vociferous
> applause and din from the stands.... Emitting the famous "Yee-ah," the
> Tiger chief gave Pittsburghers a real sample of coaching.
>
> 1909 _Pittsburgh Post_ (Oct. 10) 2: CHILDREN COPY "YEE-AH" FROM DETROIT'S
> LEADER Meaningless, but Famous, Expression Taken Up by Young and Old.
>
> JL
>
> On Fri, Dec 15, 2023 at 3:21 PM Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>> An infantryman very clearly shouts an enthusiastic "Yee-ha!" in the movie
>> _The Story of G.I. Joe_ (1945).
>>
>> JL
>>
>> On Wed, Mar 28, 2018 at 9:09 PM Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Merriam-Webster online now defines "rebel yell" as follows:
>>>
>>> "a prolonged high-pitched yell often uttered by Confederate soldiers in
>>> the American Civil War"
>>>
>>>
>>> Close, but no cigar. "Any of various high-pitched yells..." would be
>>> more accurate.
>>>
>>> The M-W editors have clearly fallen for the modern stereotype.
>>>
>>> JL
>>>
>>> On Sat, Jul 15, 2017 at 11:25 PM, Wilson Gray <hwgray at gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> I wonder what the connection is between "yee-haw"and "hee-haw" is, if
>>>> any.
>>>>
>>>> Back in 1961, a tarheel barracks-mate, Edgar B. Lacey, Jr., demonstrated
>>>> for me what he said was the rebel yell. It wasn't yee- or hee-haw, but
>>>> it
>>>> was certainly a yell. Sadly, though loud, it was so generic that he
>>>> could
>>>> easily have generated it just for the occasion. Also, he was in the same
>>>> elite - no blacks, no Jews, no "rebels" - unit of Russian "linguists" -
>>>> numbering ca. 200 head of EM - that I was a member of. So, he and the
>>>> only
>>>> two other white Southerners, the "Southern Gentleman" from Albany, GA,
>>>> and
>>>> the "Country Hick" from Pascagoula, MS, by way of Weslaco, TX, were not
>>>> the
>>>> kind of people that you'd trust or expect to know or care anything about
>>>> the rebel yell.
>>>>
>>>> Of course, with enough people shouting it, anything works. The
>>>> battle-cry
>>>> of the once-mighty, much-feared Cossacks was a simple _gik_: [gi:! gi:!
>>>> gi:!], shouted in falsetto.
>>>>
>>>> Those of sufficient maturity may recall the following battle-cry:
>>>>
>>>> Galaxy Magazine - Volume 8, Issues 1-6 - Page 137
>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgLoSAAAAIAAJ&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122803386%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=PrF%2B%2B4l1nt3pGuPq006QYbodHq8wneD0n4E7nQJ2kKk%3D&reserved=0<https://books.google.com/books?id=gLoSAAAAIAAJ>
>>>> 1954 - Snippet view
>>>> And then the little man cupped his hands to his mouth and hooted
>>>> mournfully
>>>> into the twilight, _"Wa-wa-wa-wa-wabbit twacks!"_
>>>>
>>>> On Sat, Jul 15, 2017 at 9:28 PM, Jonathan Lighter <
>>>> wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com>
>>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> > A US Marine Corps recruiting poster of 1918 reads, remarkably,
>>>> >
>>>> > "E-E-E-Yah-Yip Go Over With U.S. Marines"
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fboston_public_library%2F3551356171%2Fin%2Fset-&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122811010%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=R6xvUzKeA%2B2G%2BZEJ67RjatHmDB0PB7k6MkoIG35TY44%3D&reserved=0<https://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/3551356171/in/set->
>>>> > 72157604204316251/
>>>> >
>>>> > I read the "Yip" as a clumsy way of conveying a high-pitched squeal,
>>>> rather
>>>> > than the representation of an actual vocable.
>>>> >
>>>> > An interesting relative of both the "yip-yip-yip" type of rebel yell
>>>> and
>>>> > the later, iconic "(Y)ee-ha!"
>>>> >
>>>> > JL
>>>> >
>>>> > On Sat, Jun 20, 2015 at 8:33 AM, Jonathan Lighter <
>>>> wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com>
>>>> > wrote:
>>>> >
>>>> > > ---------------------- Information from the mail header
>>>> > > -----------------------
>>>> > > Sender: American Dialect Society <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
>>>> > > Poster: Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at GMAIL.COM>
>>>> > > Subject: Re: rebel yell and yeehaw
>>>> > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > -------------------
>>>> > >
>>>> > > Yesterday I found myself serendipitously driving behind a panel
>>>> truck
>>>> > that
>>>> > > advertised
>>>> > >
>>>> > > YEE-HAW! A FINE SOUTHERN BEER.
>>>> > >
>>>> > > YOU'LL SAY IT WHEN YOU DRINK IT!
>>>> > >
>>>> > > Proof:
>>>> > > https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftrademarks.justia.com%2F864%2F49%2Fyou-ll-say-it-when-you-&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122816788%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=CEhhQyOaYtT2ulHzFC%2FkRgdb5f3LXS%2BK%2BLVNajE%2BeD4%3D&reserved=0<https://trademarks.justia.com/864/49/you-ll-say-it-when-you->
>>>> > > drink-86449331.html
>>>> > >
>>>> > > JL
>>>> > >
>>>> > > On Sat, Jun 13, 2015 at 5:02 PM, Jonathan Lighter <
>>>> > wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com>
>>>> > > wrote:
>>>> > >
>>>> > > > ---------------------- Information from the mail header
>>>> > > > -----------------------
>>>> > > > Sender: American Dialect Society <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
>>>> > > > Poster: Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at GMAIL.COM>
>>>> > > > Subject: Re: rebel yell and yeehaw
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > -------------------
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > Another early Yeehah!
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > "The Cumberland Three" was a folk-pop band of the Kingston Trio
>>>> sort.
>>>> > In
>>>> > > > 1960 they released a pair of LPs of souped-up Civil War songs on
>>>> the
>>>> > > > Roulette label: "Civil War Almanac: 'Yankees,' Vol. 1" and
>>>> > "...'Rebels,'
>>>> > > > Vol. 2."
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > On track B3 of the latter album, an extreme "Yeehah!" is
>>>> specifically
>>>> > > > identified as "the rebel yell."
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > The Cumberland Three, as far as I can tell, hailed from the West
>>>> Coast.
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > JL
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > On Sun, Jun 7, 2015 at 4:45 PM, Jonathan Lighter <
>>>> > wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > wrote:
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > > ---------------------- Information from the mail header
>>>> > > > > -----------------------
>>>> > > > > Sender: American Dialect Society <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
>>>> > > > > Poster: Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at GMAIL.COM>
>>>> > > > > Subject: Re: rebel yell and yeehaw
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > -------------------
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > Now there's a whole book on the subject:
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > >
>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FThe-Rebel-Yell-Cultural-History%2Fdp%2F0817318488&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122821267%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=6Db0q5rZFnoz0PAOOLPVDfBudu8gMKSY6PmajTS0258%3D&reserved=0<http://www.amazon.com/The-Rebel-Yell-Cultural-History/dp/0817318488>
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > Nothing linguistically new here, though there's a lot of
>>>> discussion
>>>> > of
>>>> > > > the
>>>> > > > > yell as a primary postbellum cultural symbol that seems to have
>>>> been
>>>> > > > ousted
>>>> > > > > by the Confederate battle flag (actually, naval flag) only
>>>> during the
>>>> > > > Civil
>>>> > > > > Rights Movement.
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > Professor Warren's bulleted "key observations" include:
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > "As early as the summer of 1861 Southern screeching had
>>>> occurred in
>>>> > > both
>>>> > > > > major theaters of the war. ...
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > "The Rebel yell seemingly lacked words, word sounds, rhyme, and
>>>> any
>>>> > > > > coherent rhythm....
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > "The yell resulted from bodies of men screeching in unison. The
>>>> > > > collective
>>>> > > > > effort created greater volume and complexity than could be
>>>> achieved
>>>> > by
>>>> > > > any
>>>> > > > > one soldier...."
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > Etc. He also cites and dismisses claims that the yell
>>>> originated at
>>>> > > Troy,
>>>> > > > > in Britain or Ireland, among the Mongols, or in the ululations
>>>> of
>>>> > > Muslim
>>>> > > > > Spain. Maybe Indian war-whoops contributed, maybe they didn't.
>>>> Maybe
>>>> > > > slave
>>>> > > > > shouts too, but maybe not. You just can't tell with the rebel
>>>> yell;
>>>> > > > > especially since, as Professor Warren correctly observes, there
>>>> was
>>>> > no
>>>> > > > > single, standard, prescribed yell at all.
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > Prof. Warren, author of an earlier book on Civil War literature,
>>>> > cites
>>>> > > a
>>>> > > > > plethora of rebel yell information.
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > Except, that is, for our multi-year discussion, which began in
>>>> > 2006. I
>>>> > > > > find no mention of "Yeehaw!" antebellum mules, "Red River,"
>>>> Stan
>>>> > > > Freberg,
>>>> > > > > "Doctor Strangelove," or the 1st Marine Parachute Regiment.
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > But there is a photo of the dust jacket of H. Allen Smith's
>>>> book.
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > JL
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > On Mon, Feb 23, 2015 at 6:58 PM, Jonathan Lighter <
>>>> > > > wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com>
>>>> > > > > wrote:
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > > ---------------------- Information from the mail header
>>>> > > > > > -----------------------
>>>> > > > > > Sender: American Dialect Society <
>>>> ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
>>>> > > > > > Poster: Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at GMAIL.COM>
>>>> > > > > > Subject: Re: rebel yell and yeehaw
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > -------------------
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > One day earlier in _The Oregonian_ (Portland), p. 11.
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > JL
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > On Mon, Feb 23, 2015 at 6:44 PM, Jonathan Lighter <
>>>> > > > > wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com>
>>>> > > > > > wrote:
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > ---------------------- Information from the mail header
>>>> > > > > > > -----------------------
>>>> > > > > > > Sender: American Dialect Society <
>>>> ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
>>>> > > > > > > Poster: Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at GMAIL.COM>
>>>> > > > > > > Subject: Re: rebel yell and yeehaw
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > -------------------
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > For the record, here is the earliest "Yee-ha[w/h]!" I've
>>>> seen
>>>> > that
>>>> > > > > > > explicitly refers to it as a "rebel yell":
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > 1984 Joyce Lain Kennedy in _Springfield [Mass.] Republican_
>>>> B-8:
>>>> > > The
>>>> > > > > next
>>>> > > > > > > time your temper flares at the boss and you're tempted to
>>>> > > "yee-haw!"
>>>> > > > a
>>>> > > > > > > rebel yell, remember who lost the Civil War.
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > That's 123 years after the start of said war.
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > JL
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 10:11 PM, Jonathan Lighter <
>>>> > > > > > wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com
>>>> > > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > wrote:
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > > ---------------------- Information from the mail header
>>>> > > > > > > > -----------------------
>>>> > > > > > > > Sender: American Dialect Society <
>>>> ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU
>>>> > >
>>>> > > > > > > > Poster: Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at GMAIL.COM>
>>>> > > > > > > > Subject: Re: rebel yell and yeehaw
>>>> > > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > -------------------
>>>> > > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > > Make that "(1959)."
>>>> > > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > > JL
>>>> > > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > >
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > > > > > > The American Dialect Society -
>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122825529%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=nrfpt5hm6d5lo1HV64DrpfpZ5VDeUNCiZcvFVUC127Y%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
>>>> > > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > --
>>>> > > > > > > "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't
>>>> handle
>>>> > the
>>>> > > > > > truth."
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > > > > > The American Dialect Society -
>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122829635%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=SYslkDr%2BgUOcqSewTBQXHdz%2Frltg08GoDSu4gEZYf3k%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
>>>> > > > > > >
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > --
>>>> > > > > > "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't
>>>> handle the
>>>> > > > > truth."
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > > > > The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122833741%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=pX9s%2FKCg8DUXJno2iLIefgw4MoByRGxUMLSnexVGqRU%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
>>>> > > > > >
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > --
>>>> > > > > "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle
>>>> the
>>>> > > > truth."
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > > > The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122838021%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UmI2F5fqR%2BfvMxqjItauXp4e5r3GY8NPdsMIeoGae00%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
>>>> > > > >
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > --
>>>> > > > "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle
>>>> the
>>>> > > truth."
>>>> > > >
>>>> > > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > > The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122842130%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=sytedgPHq7itFHGpSXCd6rBYTOSowXijaX9Dhpy4MfE%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
>>>> > > >
>>>> > >
>>>> > >
>>>> > >
>>>> > > --
>>>> > > "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the
>>>> > truth."
>>>> > >
>>>> > > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > > The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122846303%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=%2Bl%2FhKJYLQhfsRaMpXLWRX6G0BG%2BXe2UG%2F16mIJHUw4U%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
>>>> > >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > --
>>>> > "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the
>>>> truth."
>>>> >
>>>> > ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> > The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122850484%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UUpwFcHHX1mpWLTQNKB2SW%2BJ6lJs8ZUGFd721TdpdX0%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
>>>> >
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> -Wilson
>>>> -----
>>>> All say, "How hard it is that we have to die!"---a strange complaint to
>>>> come from the mouths of people who have had to live.
>>>> -Mark Twain
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122854525%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=LQa61X%2FNT26n3K%2BUVotB8WEwX0VGMGt0RbQSgoZuwEQ%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the
>>> truth."
>>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the
>> truth."
>>
>
>
> --
> "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the truth."
>
--
"If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the truth."
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The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C6e5e0c7e71d74ba0aebe08dc3885b48c%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638447394122858671%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=i7aa5VwbrWpp5TczRnCJqnOt0%2Bb6nzIt%2FFpdAgwznTw%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
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The American Dialect Society - http://www.americandialect.org
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