[Ads-l] Does "The buck stops here'' stop here?

Mon Jun 17 05:21:19 UTC 2024

Thanks to Fred for the warning concerning the reliability of the dates
assigned to the 19th century American "Hoyle" books.

Here is a citation with a solid 1874 date which describes a "buck" as
"a knife or key, or other small article". This New Zealand newspaper
article was clipped by Peter Reitan in January of this year.

Date: July 9, 1874
Newspaper: The Clutha Leader
Newspaper Location: Clutha, Otago, New Zealand
Article: Cards: Varieties of Poker
Quote Page 4, Column 7
Database: Newspapers.com

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-clutha-leader/139434983/

[Begin excerpt]
To avoid confusion it is better at straight poker for the first dealer
at the commencement to put up a sum equal to an ante from
each--generally a knife or key, or other small article--which is
redeemed at its nominal value when the play ceases. Thus, if four are
playing and the ante is one chip, the "buck" (as it is called) would
be valued at four chips. The dealer puts up four chips and passes the
buck to the player on his left.
[End excerpt]

The theory that "buck" was derived from a knife with a buck-horn
handle was tentatively proposed in a "Hoyle" book with an assigned
date of 1887. Unfortunately, as Fred has noted, this date might be
inaccurate; hence, other citations would be welcome.

Date: Copyright 1887 (Warning: This date may be misleading)
Book Title: The Standard Hoyle: A Complete Guide
Section: Draw Poker
Quote Page 127
Publisher: Excelsior Publishing House, New York

https://books.google.com/books?id=3sgWAAAAYAAJ&q=+%22buck+horn%22#v=snippet&q=%22buck%20horn%22&f=false

[Begin excerpt]
Originally the Buck was a pocket-knife passing always to the left,
indicating only the deal. Perhaps from the handle of the knife being
of buck-horn, the term is derived. By a process of evolution, the buck
in Poker is made sometimes a representative of value, and can be put
up by the Age. It may designate a certain number of chips, say, for
instance, five. Then if the Age makes his blind good, he puts up five
more chips. The rest of the players, when they come in, do the same
thing. The person who wins it when he is the Age, puts up the buck.
When the game is over, the person who has issued the buck redeems it,
at the value he put on it.
. . .
A knife is not an obligatory buck. In the Far West, a revolver on the
table sometimes serves the purpose of a buck.
[End excerpt]

Here is a citation with a solid 1926 date which mentions the buck-horn
knife handle theory.

Date: January 21, 1926
Newspaper: Cleveland Plain Dealer
Newspaper Location: Cleveland, Ohio
Article: Philosopher of Folly
Author:  Ted Robinson
Quote Page 6, Column 3
Database: Newspapers.com

[Begin excerpt]
The Philadelphia Evening Ledger tells us that "in the old pioneer days
when bold men in wild places sat down to play euchre, a buckthorn
knife lay before the dealer, and was passed on as the deal ran around
the table. Hence 'passing the buck,' which presently in metaphoric
form became 'the waiving of responsibility.'"

Now what do you apprehend concerning that? In a British newspaper, I
should have passed it with a smile, for the Britishest possible
explanation of an American phrase. But why should an American paper
consider it necessary to explain a phrase whose origin nine out of ten
people must be thoroughly aware of? And how can an American paper make
two mistakes in one explanation of such a phrase?

For "euchre" read "poker." ("Ante, and pass the buck!" is used as a
slang phrase by Mark Twain in one of his earliest writings.) And for
"buckthorn" read "buck-horn." But perhaps that last is a typographical
error.
[End excerpt]

Garson

On Fri, Jun 14, 2024 at 7:33 PM Shapiro, Fred <fred.shapiro at yale.edu> wrote:
>
> Just a comment about "The Modern Pocket Hoyle" as a source in general.  I think the 19th century American "Hoyle" books often kept an earlier publication date in the book when issuing later editions, so their datings may be erroneous.
>
> Fred Shapiro
>
> ________________________________
> From: American Dialect Society <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU> on behalf of ADSGarson O'Toole <adsgarsonotoole at GMAIL.COM>
> Sent: Friday, June 14, 2024 5:02 PM
> To: ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
> Subject: Re: Does "The buck stops here'' stop here?
>
> Nice work, JL.
> Back in 2005 Ben Zimmer posted an 1856 citation for "pass the buck" (poker)
> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.linguistlist.org%2Fpipermail%2Fads-l%2F2005-April%2F048838.html&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804359808%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=nmNG%2B2WTyos0sP3%2BKb%2BNOT%2BPUgM1h%2BTXbMf7stp5nj8%3D&reserved=0<https://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/ads-l/2005-April/048838.html>
>
> There was a pertinent thread in 2015. I posted a citation for "passes
> the buck" in "The Modern Pocket Hoyle" (1868). This date is somewhat
> late, but the citation is interesting because it explains how "the
> buck" is employed. In 1868 the buck was "a knife or key".
> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.linguistlist.org%2Fpipermail%2Fads-l%2F2015-January%2F135847.html&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804369565%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=pfBWcE5p5kVamX0wXAaZEqNftYY%2Bu5wTp88LQk5Oaec%3D&reserved=0<https://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/ads-l/2015-January/135847.html>
>
> In 2018 Stephen Goranson posted a Nov 1, 1856 citation with "pass the
> buck" used during a game of brag.
> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.linguistlist.org%2Fpipermail%2Fads-l%2F2018-May%2F151707.html&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804375605%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=YkodysW%2FvayICZysM%2BKk6%2BWDFA5PjzqKg2f2hN9wIkg%3D&reserved=0<https://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/ads-l/2018-May/151707.html>
>
> JL's citation has the same text as Stephen's but the date of Oct 27,
> 1856 is slightly earlier.
>
> Garson
>
> On Fri, Jun 14, 2024 at 2:05 PM Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > Interestingly enough, OED's primary ex. of "buck," dollar, is likewise from
> > California in 1856.
> >
> > JL
> >
> > On Fri, Jun 14, 2024 at 1:34 PM Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at gmail.com>
> > wrote:
> >
> > > Since OED has the poker sense of "buck" from 1865, the basic question is
> > > how "buck" came to be used in that way.  A "buck knife" is the obvious
> > > possibility, but I don't see any early exx. of it shortened to "buck."
> > >
> > > Early OED evidence specifies the "buck" as any small object, often a knife
> > > or a pencil.
> > >
> > > Antedating OED:
> > >
> > > 1856 _Weekly Bulletin_ [S.F.] (Oct. 27) 4 (GenealogyBank): This amusing
> > > operation is conducted with all the apparent earnestness attention [sic]
> > > that ever as many old "brag" players bestowed on a game for "five dollars
> > > ante and pass the buck."
> > >
> > > So the phrase was apparently known somewhat earlier than 1857.
> > >
> > >  JL
> > >
> > > On Fri, Jun 14, 2024 at 12:00 PM Laurence Horn <laurence.horn at yale.edu>
> > > wrote:
> > >
> > >> Nice work, all!  Is there any confirmation (or disconfirmation) from any
> > >> of these sources that the origin of the reference to a buck in both “the
> > >> buck stops here” and “passing the buck” is to a buck-handled knife
> > >> (evidently distinct from the Buck knives named for the early 20th c.
> > >> blacksmith/knife-maker Hoyt Buck) that traditionally rotated around the
> > >> poker table to indicate whose turn it was to deal? Or is that an
> > >> etymythology? The rotating buck-knife is the story I’ve always heard, but
> > >> there’s no mention of, or even speculation about, this story in the
> > >> citations.
> > >>
> > >> FWIW, Wikipedia (https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBuck_passing&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804380463%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=HPqFQdbz3ocQ8GFxMdxB9pRpO1IBLL%2BLG%2BjUuXc%2BsPs%3D&reserved=0<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_passing>) uses the
> > >> noncommittal evidential expression “is said to have” to describe the origin
> > >> story:
> > >> ============
> > >> The expression is said to have originated from poker <
> > >> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPoker&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804384667%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=qwxbMbnW7QM7ZvYabvGIE4ieTLykzYvgVIWR8EtWtbE%3D&reserved=0><https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poker> in which a marker or counter (such
> > >> as a knife with a buckhorn handle during the American Frontier <
> > >> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAmerican_Frontier&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804388439%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=rRTitBTUweXSg5gLcFQHnHuSlPOgs95r5%2BxTAMUTdPI%3D&reserved=0><https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Frontier> era) was used to
> > >> indicate the person whose turn it was to deal <
> > >> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPoker_dealer&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804392289%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=ImuT1NhhDDn7Y9my78z6vpXZCpIv8%2Ful1ZVtAhU4xDk%3D&reserved=0><https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poker_dealer>. If the player did not wish
> > >> to deal, the responsibility could be passed by the passing of the "buck <
> > >> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FButton_&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804396103%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=hZ3ooF1kUVKA8EAJgWFlMBN4PZJkk9zh6b2BLZpdQBc%3D&reserved=0(poker)>,"<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Button_> as the counter came to
> > >> be called, to the next player
> > >> ============
> > >>
> > >> LH
> > >>
> > >> > On Jun 8, 2024, at 7:47 AM, Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at GMAIL.COM>
> > >> wrote:
> > >> >
> > >> > The cerebral hard drive must be slipping.
> > >> >
> > >> > JL
> > >> >
> > >> > On Sat, Jun 8, 2024 at 6:07 AM ADSGarson O'Toole <
> > >> adsgarsonotoole at gmail.com>
> > >> > wrote:
> > >> >
> > >> >> Thanks JL and Fred. Congratulations to Barry Popik on his excellent
> > >> >> discovery.
> > >> >>
> > >> >> Barry clipped the citation on September 16, 2019.
> > >> >>
> > >> >>
> > >> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Flincoln-journal-star-the-buck-stops-her%2F36017495%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804400002%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Pl3r9dilVQNhGCLtV1ejokxLI1pcFDb1Z2VqE6dCnF4%3D&reserved=0<https://www.newspapers.com/article/lincoln-journal-star-the-buck-stops-her/36017495/>
> > >> >>
> > >> >> As mentioned by Fred, the citation appears in "The New Yale Book of
> > >> >> Quotations" (2021).
> > >> >>
> > >> >> In addition, JL mentioned the citation previously on January 16, 2023.
> > >> >>
> > >> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.linguistlist.org%2Fpipermail%2Fads-l%2F2023-January%2F163089.html&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804403723%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=W5Oyk0cJnXFCB2GH7yHaUeA1msGwU4qpKgIJvB1Kz%2F0%3D&reserved=0<https://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/ads-l/2023-January/163089.html>
> > >> >>
> > >> >> The Quote Investigator article has been updated, at last. Changes
> > >> >> should be visible within  24 hours. Barry Popik, Jonathan Lighter, and
> > >> >> Fred Shapiro are acknowledged.
> > >> >> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fquoteinvestigator.com%2F2015%2F02%2F07%2Fbuck-stops%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804407444%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dd%2FQpRHcAkpkQM6HlOL6SBKz%2FwwXtZfYgIJm6TBJYYo%3D&reserved=0<https://quoteinvestigator.com/2015/02/07/buck-stops/>
> > >> >>
> > >> >> Garson
> > >> >>
> > >> >> On Fri, Jun 7, 2024 at 1:56 PM Shapiro, Fred <fred.shapiro at yale.edu>
> > >> >> wrote:
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> The 1929 citation is included in the New Yale Book of Quotations,
> > >> which
> > >> >> credits Barry Popik for discovering it.
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> Fred Shapiro
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> ________________________________
> > >> >>> From: American Dialect Society <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU> on behalf of
> > >> >> Jonathan Lighter <wuxxmupp2000 at GMAIL.COM>
> > >> >>> Sent: Friday, June 7, 2024 1:43 PM
> > >> >>> To: ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
> > >> >>> Subject: Does "The buck stops here'' stop here?
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> Twenty years ago on another thread I wrote:
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> "I'm sticking to my story that I saw a reference to 'The Buck Stops
> > >> Here'
> > >> >>> on a little desk plaque in a story published during the '30s in _Our
> > >> >> Army_
> > >> >>> magazine."
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> While not quite vindication, the following makes my statement
> > >> nugatory:
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> 1929  _Lincoln [Neb.] Evening Journal_  (Oct. 2)  13 (Newspapers.com):
> > >> >> It's
> > >> >>> about the second lieutenant in the war department whose desk was back
> > >> in
> > >> >>> the corner among the boxes and the barrels....Above this desk the
> > >> second
> > >> >>> looey had placed a card which read: "The buck stops here"...and he
> > >> didn't
> > >> >>> mean buck private.
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> JL
> > >> >>> --
> > >> >>> "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the
> > >> >> truth."
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> ------------------------------------------------------------
> > >> >>> The American Dialect Society -
> > >> >> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804411099%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=1u771UcUbTc0TP6onN1CyfOw5xE7yGROQ1i7g0QK%2FGU%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
> > >> >> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804414771%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=ekV6lXnHg4pfhSVZ2i%2FIOmNNpkn3AA%2FKb5eGSVrndgs%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>>
> > >> >>>
> > >> >>> ------------------------------------------------------------
> > >> >>> The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804418732%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=AFRH4VgNYVfwTjfqa2zzCH0r5vllVxrlsdeXzJV0bJY%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
> > >> >>
> > >> >> ------------------------------------------------------------
> > >> >> The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804422976%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=lywtuLy5KUw0xr0VtZ49xgrBua4kt4itQ7KpH%2FzJ%2BXg%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
> > >> >>
> > >> >
> > >> >
> > >> > --
> > >> > "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the
> > >> truth."
> > >> >
> > >> > ------------------------------------------------------------
> > >> > The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804426973%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=9oTYtmo2rNy%2FEtDjjDsa64hNVQFnd3Y2fk%2Bb3zpC4fk%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> ------------------------------------------------------------
> > >> The American Dialect Society - https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandialect.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cfred.shapiro%40YALE.EDU%7C71acb07a51c349a7725f08dc8cb5611b%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C638539958804430977%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C40000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=e0uCHg%2FAFHMSuJ14HrnRXpj4nKEo3eRjdtGv8nObMNk%3D&reserved=0<http://www.americandialect.org/>
> > >>
> > >
> > >
> > > --
> > > "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the truth."
> > >
> >
> >
> > --
> > "If the truth is half as bad as I think it is, you can't handle the truth."
> >
> > ------------------------------------------------------------
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> The American Dialect Society - http://www.americandialect.org

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The American Dialect Society - http://www.americandialect.org