sinangag

[potet]

"What is the origin of Tagalog 'sinangag' = fried rice?  In the
Non-Austronesian languages of North Maluku 'sinanga' = to fry; fried  as in
Ternatean 'amo sinanga' = fried breadfruit." Robert ALLEN

I'll only answer on the Tagalog term.

The Tagalog stem _sangág_ is already recorded in Noceda & Sanlucar (1754)
and means "toasting". It is contrasted with _sáing_ "steaming". _Sinangág_
"ried rice" is recorded in Carl R. G. RUBINO's Tagalog dictionary (of
current usage).


1) The verbal forms are _magsangág_ "to toast (focused on the actor)", and
_isangág_ "to toast (focused on the patient)". The latter becomes
_isinangág_  in the perfective aspect, and it can be used as an adjective or
a noun. In what might be called "demotic Tagalog", the prefix _i-_ is often
dropped, hence _sinangág_ "fried (rice)" [cf. _nilinimbág_ for _inilimbág_ <
_limbág_ "printing"] .

2) Another possibility is that there exists in Tagalog an _-in-_  infix,
that marks an item in the stage that follows the one refered to by the stem.

báta? "child" > bináta? "youth"
Pagsanhán "(a Laguna town)" > Pinagsanhán "(a suburb of this town)"
tápay "dough" > tinápay "bread"

3) The problem is that with the examples below, the stem does not refer to
the initial stage, but to the operation.

sangág "toasting" > sinangág "toasted > fried rice"
sáing "steaming" > sináing "steamed > steamed rice"

    Besides, at least one form is duplicanded, and its duplicand is
stressed, which clearly shows that it is a verbal form.

lúto? "cooking" > inilúlúto? > nilúlúto? "being cooked > dish that requires
cooking" [-in- becomes in- when the initial of the stem is /l/].

Therefore I conclude that it is the frozen aphaetic verbal form that is used
in the formation of _sinangág_:
sangág > isangág > isinangág > sinangág

Best

Jean-Paul G. POTET. B. P. 46. 92114 CLICHY CEDEX. FRANCE.