[An-lang] Etymology of Malayic "kasi" ("give") David Gil

revel at vjf.cnrs.fr revel at vjf.cnrs.fr
Mon Feb 16 01:23:13 UTC 2015 

>Nicole  Revel comment:

 I agree with Bill Davis
 In Pala'wan  Kasi means:   'caring love', 'love'
and I see in Ingasi  the same root  with  a meaning related to compassion
, pity

I will add to his enumerations of affixqation the repetitive form which
has a value of diminutive :  kasi - kasi meaning 'present' 'little gift '
 itu kasi-kasi ko dimu: 'This is my gift , ( present)' with a  nuance of
affection .

 Cordially to all of you
Nicole

> Hi David and all,
>
> I can’t comment on your proposed etymology. And I admit I am not
> familiar with the meaning “give” for kasi. I can see the logic in
> Uri's explanation where "pity/care about" becomes via metonymy "give out
> of pity/caring about."
>
> My comments here probably relate more to kasi meaning “care/love”
> (e.g. Terima kasi, etc.), and may not be helpful, not hopefully are at
> least interesting!
>
> In SW Palawano (PLV) on southern Palawan in the Philippines, so far south
> it is practically in Malaysia/Indonesia, we have the following:
>
> kasi means “love.” It is a noun, and a verb root (letter e here is
> schwa-like vowel):
> kesien (transitive, so-called object focus, etc.)
>
> …an adjective (with common me- derivational prefix)
> mekasi “loving"
>
> There is also a derived adjectival form (from CV2 + -en)
> kekesien “beloved"
>
> Now “pity/mercy” in Palawano is ingasi?
>
> My theory on this one is that it comes from:
> in- + root
>
> We have an interesting prefix in- which creates various
> social/interactive/relational stems, sometimes adding the idea of
> completeness or action. Sometimes it seems to derive a different kind or
> degree of transitivity.
>
> in- assimilates to tbe initial consonant in some cases; other times it
> creates a portmanteau.
>
> It is not a productive affix, but only shows up in in a very limited set
> of fossilized forms where the (apparent) new stem functions as a verb
> root. Here are some examples of how it works, plus the ingasi (pity/mercy
> form, which I believe is related to your kasi question.)
>
> kaan         root: “to eat”
> kumaan “to eat a food"
> mengaan “to eat a meal"
> menginaan “to eat together socially”  (my theory: meng- + [[in- +
> kaan]])
>
> seod root: “to find out, learn”
> seuden “to find something out”
> keseudan “knowledge"
> menginseod-seod “to ask after someone” (also penginseod-seod) (my
> theory: [[in- + seod]] + RT2 distributive)
>
>
> poon         root: “stem/trunk, source”
> impoonan “to cut x off at the trunk” (my theory: [[in- + poon]] +
> -an)
>
> kulit         root: “skin”
> inkulitan “to skin x" (my theory: [[in- + kulit]] + -an)
>
> kasi root: “love”
> kesien “to love”
> ingasi          stem: “pity/mercy” (my theory: [[in- + kasi]])
> ingesinan “to show pity/mercy upon x” (my theory: [[in- + kasi]] +
> -an)
> (note we have the Agusan Manobo-like a-> schwa shift)
>
> Back to your theory on kasi coming from a complex form, interestingly,
> perhaps, we also have a root asi? which might mean “to take care.”
> I’ve only heard it in imperative forms like these:
> Asi-asi ga!         “Watch out! / Be careful!"
> Asi-asi na diki mededag!         “Watch out that (you/it)
> don’t/doesn’t fall!"
>
> So might kasi come from ke- (non-volitional/abilitative/stative) + asi
> (care for)?
>
> Hmmmm.
>
> -Bill
>
>
> On Feb 8, 2015, at 5:01 PM,
> "an-lang-request at anu.edu.au<mailto:an-lang-request at anu.edu.au>"
> <an-lang-request at anu.edu.au<mailto:an-lang-request at anu.edu.au>> wrote:
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> Message: 1
> Date: Sun, 8 Feb 2015 09:04:49 +0000 (UTC)
> From: Uri Tadmor <uritadmor at yahoo.com<mailto:uritadmor at yahoo.com>>
> Subject: Re: [An-lang] An-lang Digest, Vol 137, Issue 1
> To: "an-lang at anu.edu.au<mailto:an-lang at anu.edu.au>"
> <an-lang at anu.edu.au<mailto:an-lang at anu.edu.au>>
> Message-ID:
>    <1562521619.871323.1423386289304.JavaMail.yahoo at mail.yahoo.com<mailto:1562521619.871323.1423386289304.JavaMail.yahoo at mail.yahoo.com>>
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>
> Hi David,
> The root sih appears with various prefixes in various western Austronesian
> languages with the meaning 'pity', 'love', 'generous', e.g. in Malay
> kasih-sayang 'love', kasihan 'pity, poor X!', the compound sumbangsih
> 'contribution, assistance'; Old Javanese sih/asih 'love, affection,
> sympathy, generosity'; and modern Javanese sih 'love, favor'.? The missing
> link to the semantic shift from 'pity' to 'give' in Bazaar Malay can be
> seen in Onya Darat (a Land Dayak language of western Kalimantan) where the
> manse (it's a direct cognate, I can explain to you the derivation
> separately) means 'to give out of pity'.? The prototypical use of manse is
> giving meat after a hunt to members the community who are too old or weak
> to participate in a hunt or do not have family members who can participate
> in a hunt (e.g. widows and orphans).? Loss of the final -h is not unusual
> in Bazaar Malay (and in fact in Java Malay kasih 'give' retains the -h).?
> The initial ka- is indeed an affix but I'm not !
> sure it can be related to Malay ke 'to' or akan 'about, etc.'.? It is the
> same ka- or ke- found in the circumfix ka-an/ke-an.
> Best,
> Uri
>
>
>
>      From: "an-lang-request at anu.edu.au<mailto:an-lang-request at anu.edu.au>"
> <an-lang-request at anu.edu.au<mailto:an-lang-request at anu.edu.au>>
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> Sent: Sunday, February 8, 2015 2:00 AM
> Subject: An-lang Digest, Vol 137, Issue 1
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> ? 1. etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give') (David Gil)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Sat, 07 Feb 2015 16:13:49 +0900
> From: David Gil <gil at eva.mpg.de<mailto:gil at eva.mpg.de>>
> Subject: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')
> To: Austronesian languages
> <an-lang at anu.edu.au<mailto:an-lang at anu.edu.au>>
> Message-ID:
> <54D5BB2D.5030905 at eva.mpg.de<mailto:54D5BB2D.5030905 at eva.mpg.de>>
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>
> Dear Austronesianists,
>
> I am trying to find an etymology for Malayic "kasi" ('give').? Can
> anybody ...
>
> (1) point me to a previously proposed etymology for "kasi"?
> (2) suggest possible cognate forms in other (non-Malayic) Austronesian
> languages?
> (3) offer any other relevant thoughts and suggestions?
>
> So far I have not been able to find anything.? My current thinking is
> that "kasi" may be part of a complex of interrelated forms such as
> Standard Malay "ke" ('to'), "akan" (future, oblique), and "=kan"
> (causative, applicative), but this remains speculative.
>
> Thanks,
>
> David
>
> --
> David Gil
>
> Department of Linguistics
> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
> Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
>
> Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333
> Email:gil at eva.mpg.de<http://eva.mpg.de>
> Webpage:http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/<http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/>
>
>
>
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