[HPSG-L] Highly ambiguous sentences with lots of quantifier scoipings and psycholinguistic work on underspeification
Glyn Morrill
morrill at cs.upc.edu
Wed Mar 12 02:39:11 UTC 2025
Dear Grammarians,
1. Isn't it true that,
for example,
structural ambiguity grows super-exponentially with attachment
ambiguities also?
2. I appreciate that from the point of view of HPSG, logical categorial
grammar may seem far off-centre,
though it might be that the wider world would cast us together anyway.
In any case, here goes for type logical
underspecification in general ...
Leaving aside paraphrase arising "accidentally" from lexical (logical)
semantics,
and indeed leaving aside lexical form-class ambiguity,
consider the problem of underspecifying the sentence derivational
readings of a configuration,
a configuration being a bracketed or unbracketed string of lexical types
(sentence form).
Let the derivational structures be (non-commutative) proof nets, from
Girard's linear logic.
There is no derivational equivalence / spurious ambiguity
because the proof net syntactic structures are canonically parallelised.
The proof structure corresponding to a configuration is simply the
result of unfolding into trees the
series of lexical types,
propagating and marking polarities input / output.
An axiom link is a doubleton of leaf / polar atomic type occurrences of
the same atomic type
with complementary polarities.
A proof net syntactic structure of a configuration is the result of
placing an axiom linking
on the polar atom occurrences, which satisfies certain technically
non-trivial criteria.
But we do not need to go into that here:
a syntactic structure for a sentence form is a partition of its polar
leaves
into complementary doubletons.
So to come to the point:
the underspecification of the structural readings of a sentence form
can be simply the partial proof net comprising all and only the axiom
links that all its syntactic structures have in common:
the intersection of all the axiom linking partitions.
Best,
- Glyn
On 11/3/25 18:20, Andy Lücking wrote:
>
> Zitat von Stefan Müller <St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de>:
>
>>> In fact, N400 studies suggest that, at least in some contexts,
>>> quantified NPs are interpreted incrementally, wich even speaks
>>> against floating scope-taking representations
>>> (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899316304590?via%3Dihub).
>>> The relationship between formal semantics and psycholinguistics thus
>>> remains somewhat opaque.
>>
>> But why does this speak against floating scope-taking
>> representations? Do you mean underspecified scope? Constraint-based
>> approaches seem to be perfect for this: You add constraints as
>> information comes in. Of course there is the problem of garden
>> pathes. You have to deal with these somehow.
>
> Acc. to the study, people do associate something truth-evaluable to
> quantified expressions as soon as they occur in the input string,
> online, "at runtime", so to speak. If something truth-evaluable
> emerges after moving things around, this seems to rest on a later
> process, at clause level, perhaps comparable to backtracking garden
> paths. If constraint accumulation achieves online interpretation, it's
> perfect! But, as said, it surely is a bit shaky to interpret logical
> representations in procedural, psycholinguistic terms.
>
> Best,
> Andy
>
>
>
>>
>> Best
>>
>> Stefan
>>
>> Am 11.03.25 um 15:40 schrieb Andy Lücking:
>>> Wrt. (too) many readings it's perhaps also worth mentioning that
>>> generalized quantifiers are not meant to be psychological
>>> entities---the postulated higher-order denotations are probably not
>>> processable at all. This has already been pointed out in the classic
>>> paper by Barwise & Cooper
>>> (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-2727-8_10,
>>> $4.9). Instead, the authors propose witnesses (which eventually
>>> leads to witness-based approaches to quantification [e.g.
>>> https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/dad/article/view/10675,
>>> https://semprag.org/index.php/sp/article/view/sp.15.4]). To
>>> trivialize a bit: One imagines an example situation and checks
>>> whether the quantified noun phrase applies there. From a dialogical
>>> point of view one can add that this kind of "underspecification" is
>>> sufficient for communicative purposes, provided that no
>>> misunderstandings etc. occur (which can then be negotiated). In
>>> fact, N400 studies suggest that, at least in some contexts,
>>> quantified NPs are interpreted incrementally, wich even speaks
>>> against floating scope-taking representations
>>> (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899316304590?via%3Dihub).
>>> The relationship between formal semantics and psycholinguistics thus
>>> remains somewhat opaque.
>>>
>>> Best,
>>> Andy
>>>
>>>
>>> ---
>>> Dr. habil. Andy Lücking (he/his/him)
>>>
>>> Text Technology Lab
>>> Fakultät für Informatik und Mathematik
>>> Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
>>> Robert-Mayer-Strasse 10
>>> 60325 Frankfurt am Main
>>> Postfach: 154
>>> Tel: +49 69-798-24663
>>> Fax: +49 69-798-24649
>>> Mail: luecking at em.uni-frankfurt.de
>>> Web: https://aluecking.github.io/
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Zitat von Rui Chaves <rchaves at buffalo.edu>:
>>>
>>>> Ah, it wasn’t Markus Egg, it was Alexander Koller (and Stefan
>>>> Thater). My bad.
>>>> https://aclanthology.org/W06-3904.pdf
>>>>
>>>> @inproceedings{koller2006towards,
>>>> author = {Alexander Koller and Stefan Thater},
>>>> title = {Towards a redundancy elimination algorithm for
>>>> underspecified descriptions},
>>>> booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on
>>>> Inference in Computational Semantics (ICoS-5)},
>>>> year = {2006}
>>>> }
>>>>
>>>> Mine is like a Mikey Mouse version of their paper (I was an MA
>>>> student, working alone)
>>>> https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~rchaves/dscope.pdf
>>>>
>>>> @inproceedings{chaves2003non,
>>>> author = {Rui P. Chaves},
>>>> title = {Non-redundant scope disambiguation in Underspecified
>>>> Semantics},
>>>> booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th ESSLLI Student Session},
>>>> editor = {Balder ten Cate},
>>>> pages = {47--58},
>>>> year = {2003},
>>>> address = {Vienna, Austria}
>>>> }
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Rui P. Chaves (he/him)
>>>> Chair and Professor of Linguistics
>>>> Director of Undergraduate and Graduate Studies for the
>>>> Computational Linguistics BS and MS Programs
>>>> University at Buffalo, SUNY
>>>> https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~rchaves/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> From: Roussanka Loukanova <rloukanova at gmail.com>
>>>> Date: Tuesday, March 11, 2025 at 8:20 AM
>>>> To: Rui Chaves <rchaves at buffalo.edu>
>>>> Cc: Stefan Müller <St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de>, Emily M. Bender
>>>> <ebender at uw.edu>, hpsg-l at listserv.linguistlist.org
>>>> <HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>>> Subject: Re: [HPSG-L] Highly ambiguous sentences with lots of
>>>> quantifier scoipings and psycholinguistic work on underspeification
>>>> Hi Rui,
>>>>
>>>> Which is your paper? Better, I'd appreciate its .bib entry.
>>>>
>>>> In the TTAR / TTAA, the different scopings, e.g., in the examples
>>>> you provide, can be or are denotationally equivalent, while not
>>>> (all are) algorithmically equivalent. But this is just by a quick
>>>> look at them. At some point, I'll look into rendering them in TTAR.
>>>>
>>>> It would be best if you quickly write a draft, at most 10 pages,
>>>> and submit it to CLIRAI at DCAI'25 - see the CfP I posted here.
>>>>
>>>> And, a similar encouragement to all of you, on the topics of CLIRAI!
>>>>
>>>> Best Regards,
>>>> Roussanka
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Tue, 11 Mar 2025 at 12:59, Rui Chaves
>>>> <rchaves at buffalo.edu<mailto:rchaves at buffalo.edu>> wrote:
>>>> Stefan,
>>>> It’s even worse than that. You don’t need different quantifiers.
>>>> Every single NP in the sentence can have an existential quantifier,
>>>> and the number of scopings still explodes. It’s just that all the
>>>> scopings will be equivalent to each other!
>>>>
>>>> “A cat chased a rat”
>>>> Exists x (cat(x) & Exists y(rat(y) & chase(x,y)))
>>>> is equivalent to
>>>> Exists y (rat(y) & Exists x(cat(x) & chase(x,y)))
>>>>
>>>> Now imagine a sentence with 10 existentials, thousands of logical
>>>> formulas, all equivalent.
>>>>
>>>> I had an ESSLLI paper about this, proposing a way to avoid
>>>> redundant scopings, and then Markus Egg improved on the technique.
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Rui P. Chaves (he/him)
>>>> Chair and Professor of Linguistics
>>>> Director of Undergraduate and Graduate Studies for the
>>>> Computational Linguistics BS and MS Programs
>>>> University at Buffalo, SUNY
>>>> https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~rchaves/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> From: HPSG-L
>>>> <hpsg-l-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:hpsg-l-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org>>
>>>> on behalf of Stefan Müller
>>>> <St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de<mailto:St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de>>
>>>> Date: Tuesday, March 11, 2025 at 7:21 AM
>>>> To: Emily M. Bender <ebender at uw.edu<mailto:ebender at uw.edu>>
>>>> Cc:
>>>> hpsg-l at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:hpsg-l at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>>> <HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org>>
>>>> Subject: Re: [HPSG-L] Highly ambiguous sentences with lots of
>>>> quantifier scoipings and psycholinguistic work on underspeification
>>>> Thanks Emily,
>>>>
>>>> Wow! 10^12 readings! This is indeed impressive. But the sentence is
>>>> not:
>>>>
>>>> Myrdal is the mountain terminus of the Flåm rail line (or Flåmsbana)
>>>> which makes its way down the lovely Flåm Valley (Flåmsdalen) to its
>>>> sea-level terminus at Flåm.
>>>>
>>>> I guess a lot of the ambiguity is caused by using generalized
>>>> quantifiers for proper names and they should not scope with respect to
>>>> each other. So it is an engineering problem, although an interesting
>>>> one. Utool has some trick to cope with such unwanted ambiguities.
>>>> There
>>>> is some way to specify equivalences. I forgot how it works but want to
>>>> find out.
>>>>
>>>> So what I am looking for is something like:
>>>>
>>>> Every daughter of an employee with at least four children knows
>>>> somebody
>>>> with a daughter who owns a pony.
>>>>
>>>> But naturally occurring and with lots of scopings. It would be fine if
>>>> it were only a million readings. =:-)
>>>>
>>>> Something that convinces semanticsist or at least students that
>>>> underspecification is a good thing to have. =:-)
>>>>
>>>> Best
>>>>
>>>> Stefan
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Am 10.03.25 um 15:35 schrieb Emily M. Bender:
>>>>> Hi Stefan, Hi all,
>>>>>
>>>>> Regarding computational processing of scope ambiguities I think
>>>>> you're
>>>>> thinking of the work of Koller & Thater on Utool:
>>>>>
>>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FP05-3003.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770847945%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=hcI%2BVoOQnDjUpYgBFQ%2FRMdmQrsVauuexPquSstZlAIw%3D&reserved=0<https://aclanthology.org/P05-3003.pdf><https://aclanthology.org/P05-3003.pdf>
>>>>> Those impressive numbers involved the ERG, not the Grammar Matrix nor
>>>>> small grammars derived from it. (Though in principle, Utool should be
>>>>> compatible with Matrix-derived grammars.)
>>>>>
>>>>> Emily
>>>>>
>>>>> On Mon, Mar 10, 2025 at 6:46 AM Stefan Müller
>>>>> <St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de<mailto:St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Yes, I expected that this is true and that people will not sit
>>>>> there and
>>>>> imagine all the 20.000 possible worlds that correspond to the
>>>>> readings.
>>>>> But what do I know? I am not a psycholinguist.
>>>>>
>>>>> And after all our world turned into an impossible world due to
>>>>> unpredictable behavior of my fellow humans. By now I expect them
>>>>> to do
>>>>> strange things.
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks for all the answers! This is enourmously helpful.
>>>>>
>>>>> I will post a summary.
>>>>>
>>>>> Best
>>>>>
>>>>> Stefan
>>>>>
>>>>> Am 10.03.25 um 14:35 schrieb Rui Chaves:
>>>>> >
>>>>> > There’s also the anecdotal fact that people who read a 80-word
>>>>> > sentence in a newspaper don’t spend 30 minutes parsing it.
>>>>> >
>>>>> > 😊
>>>>> >
>>>>> > --
>>>>> > Rui P. Chaves (he/him)
>>>>> > Chair and Professor of Linguistics, University at Buffalo, SUNY
>>>>> > Director of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies for the
>>>>> Computational
>>>>> > Linguistics Program
>>>>> >
>>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acsu.buffalo.edu%2F*rchaves%2F__%3Bfg!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8CzIEY6M%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770875115%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=R%2BkwlW9u2GyfnswCLBU2MrJEBDnneYWx49C1%2Fu%2BdeL4%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/*rchaves/__;fg!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8CzIEY6M$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/*rchaves/__;fg!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8CzIEY6M$>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> >
>>>>> > *From: *Rui Chaves
>>>>> <rchaves at buffalo.edu<mailto:rchaves at buffalo.edu>>
>>>>> > *Date: *Monday, March 10, 2025 at 8:33 AM
>>>>> > *To: *Roussanka Loukanova
>>>>> <rloukanova at gmail.com<mailto:rloukanova at gmail.com>>, Stefan Müller
>>>>> > <St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de<mailto:St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de>>
>>>>> > *Cc:
>>>>> *hpsg-l at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:hpsg-l at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>>>> <HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org>>
>>>>>
>>>>> > *Subject: *Re: [HPSG-L] Highly ambiguous sentences with lots of
>>>>> > quantifier scoipings and psycholinguistic work on
>>>>> underspeification
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Dear Stefan,
>>>>> >
>>>>> > There is evidence that comprehenders don’t compute all
>>>>> scopings:
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371*journal.pone.0081461__%3BLw!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf88ly5M3E%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770888609%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=q0r%2F8JcvKy4WXh2Z5i63wDNJPOUMWQA5bS%2FHiuA1sG8%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371*journal.pone.0081461__;Lw!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf88ly5M3E$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371*journal.pone.0081461__;Lw!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r
>>>>>
>>>>> 8e
>>>>> 8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf88ly5M3E$>
>>>>>
>>>>> >
>>>>> > --
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Rui P. Chaves (he/him)
>>>>> > Chair and Professor of Linguistics
>>>>> > Director of Undergraduate and Graduate Studies for the
>>>>> Computational
>>>>> > Linguistics BS and MS Programs
>>>>> >
>>>>> > University at Buffalo, SUNY
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acsu.buffalo.edu%2F*rchaves%2F__%3Bfg!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8CzIEY6M%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770902014%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=rvWwiqR2Oj5vC1%2BvadTbHCUvIjlXpRdXJoKMtRC%2Bado%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/*rchaves/__;fg!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8CzIEY6M$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/*rchaves/__;fg!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8CzIEY6M$>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> >
>>>>> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acsu.buffalo.edu%2F*rchaves%2F__%3Bfg!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8CzIEY6M%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770914902%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Wi5HIJId8AZt%2FjLbDnxM1T45UJsVzUGhaDg2c%2B5%2FsVc%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/*rchaves/__;fg!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8CzIEY6M$>
>>>>>
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> > *From: *HPSG-L
>>>>> <hpsg-l-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:hpsg-l-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org>>
>>>>> on
>>>>> behalf of
>>>>> > Roussanka Loukanova
>>>>> <rloukanova at gmail.com<mailto:rloukanova at gmail.com>>
>>>>> > *Date: *Monday, March 10, 2025 at 8:25 AM
>>>>> > *To: *Stefan Müller
>>>>> <St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de<mailto:St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de>>
>>>>> > *Cc:
>>>>> *hpsg-l at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:hpsg-l at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>>>> <HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org>>
>>>>>
>>>>> > *Subject: *Re: [HPSG-L] Highly ambiguous sentences with lots of
>>>>> > quantifier scoipings and psycholinguistic work on
>>>>> underspeification
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Hi Stefan,
>>>>> > Hi Everyone,
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Your questions are extra interesting. I'm very much interested
>>>>> in the
>>>>> > answers.
>>>>> >
>>>>> > And, of course, I'm looking forward to your revised HPSG book!
>>>>> >
>>>>> > I work on Type Theory of Recursion, including its varieties of
>>>>> Type Theory
>>>>> > of Acyclic Recursion / Algorithms (TTAR / TTAA). TTAR provides
>>>>> > mathematical and algorithmic foundations of Syntax-Semantics
>>>>> (SynSem) in
>>>>> > Computational Grammars (CompGrs).
>>>>> >
>>>>> > The relational extensions of TTAA to Dependent-Type Theory of
>>>>> Situated
>>>>> > Info
>>>>> > (DTTSI) directly provides math, i.e., algorithmic foundations,
>>>>> of MRS and
>>>>> > its SynSem in HPSG.
>>>>> >
>>>>> > In all the versions of TTAR / TTAA and DTTSI, I include
>>>>> > underspecification.
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Best Regards,
>>>>> > Roussanka
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> > On Mon, 10 Mar 2025 at 12:22, Stefan Müller
>>>>> <St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de<mailto:St.Mueller at hu-berlin.de>>
>>>>> > wrote:
>>>>> >
>>>>> > > Hi,
>>>>> > >
>>>>> > > I remember that people working with the grammar matrix and
>>>>> large scale
>>>>> > > implementations reported natural occurring sentence with an
>>>>> enormous
>>>>> > > amount of readings. Something in the range of 100.000
>>>>> scopings. Is this
>>>>> > > documented somewhere in print?
>>>>> > >
>>>>> > > Is there psycholinguistic research showing that humans do not
>>>>> work with
>>>>> > > specific readings but leave scopings underspecified (maybe to
>>>>> a certain
>>>>> > > extend).
>>>>> > >
>>>>> > > I am revising my HPSG textbook and switching to MRS in this
>>>>> book now, so
>>>>> > > I am interested in this kind of information.
>>>>> > >
>>>>> > > Thanks a lot.
>>>>> > >
>>>>> > > Best wishes
>>>>> > >
>>>>> > > Stefan
>>>>> > >
>>>>> > > _______________________________________________
>>>>> > > HPSG-L mailing list
>>>>> > >
>>>>> HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>>>> > >
>>>>> >
>>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fnam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l%26data%3D05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545337622*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C%26sdata%3D4CDFd3jV49zrGkDtdZH0kdv5JcYC3egTLAtU5GxsPW4*3D%26reserved%3D0__%3BJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8mz-8umc%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770927641%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dW3g
>>>>>
>>>>> qV
>>>>> 6Y94510RBeVc%2F6k36%2F1SOCvUvoR5Y1axsDmk4%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l&data=05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545337622*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C&sdata=4CDFd3jV49zrGkDtdZH0kdv5JcYC3egTLAtU5GxsPW4*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8mz-8umc$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l&data=05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545337622*7CUnknown*7CTWF
>>>>> pbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C&sdata=4CDFd3jV49zrGkDtdZH0kdv5JcYC3egTLAtU5GxsPW4*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8mz-8umc$>
>>>>> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fnam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l%26data%3D05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545337622*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C%26sdata%3D4CDFd3jV49zrGkDtdZH0kdv5JcYC3egTLAtU5GxsPW4*3D%26reserved%3D0__%3BJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8mz-8umc%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770940347%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Zmb
>>>>>
>>>>> eE
>>>>> m3mr2CJrjGKq8dz6%2BL%2FzbPKLx5Sz5odIhxE0vo%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l&data=05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545337622*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C&sdata=4CDFd3jV49zrGkDtdZH0kdv5JcYC3egTLAtU5GxsPW4*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8mz-8umc$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l&data=05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545337622*7CUnknown*7CTW
>>>>> FpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C&sdata=4CDFd3jV49zrGkDtdZH0kdv5JcYC3egTLAtU5GxsPW4*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUl!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8mz-8umc$>>
>>>>> >
>>>>> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.linguistlist.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fhpsg-l__%3B!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8IFxrgOM%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770952835%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=BN5ywbhqSlarq2RpfhQ%2FYGjFHVdjNvxUq5bAePakCIg%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/hpsg-l__;!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8IFxrgOM$>
>>>>>
>>>>> >
>>>>> > >
>>>>> > _______________________________________________
>>>>> > HPSG-L mailing list
>>>>> >
>>>>> HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>>>> >
>>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fnam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l%26data%3D05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545362731*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C%26sdata%3D3EP*2BK2Ejp07qvqO*2FvOF6rSwOW1HQKXvD3aWeqSnFIaI*3D%26reserved%3D0__%3BJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8JveBGbQ%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770964911%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sda
>>>>>
>>>>> ta
>>>>> =mZKxlx4nyKMM1T%2FT47uXjINXAbCEo5jBU%2B4BrMdKEJo%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l&data=05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545362731*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C&sdata=3EP*2BK2Ejp07qvqO*2FvOF6rSwOW1HQKXvD3aWeqSnFIaI*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8JveBGbQ$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l&data=05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545362731*7
>>>>> CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C&sdata=3EP*2BK2Ejp07qvqO*2FvOF6rSwOW1HQKXvD3aWeqSnFIaI*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8JveBGbQ$>
>>>>> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fnam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l%26data%3D05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545362731*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C%26sdata%3D3EP*2BK2Ejp07qvqO*2FvOF6rSwOW1HQKXvD3aWeqSnFIaI*3D%26reserved%3D0__%3BJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8JveBGbQ%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770977385%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sd
>>>>>
>>>>> at
>>>>> a=sCZ49urzuNUIFqiZVDNp%2FMh6v0cD1KyQDA3jGDP4qfw%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l&data=05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545362731*7CUnknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C&sdata=3EP*2BK2Ejp07qvqO*2FvOF6rSwOW1HQKXvD3aWeqSnFIaI*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8JveBGbQ$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https*3A*2F*2Flistserv.linguistlist.org*2Fcgi-bin*2Fmailman*2Flistinfo*2Fhpsg-l&data=05*7C02*7Crchaves*40buffalo.edu*7Ca8b9b7346347478f06f008dd5fceb14c*7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250*7C0*7C0*7C638772063545362731*7C
>>>>> Unknown*7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ*3D*3D*7C0*7C*7C*7C&sdata=3EP*2BK2Ejp07qvqO*2FvOF6rSwOW1HQKXvD3aWeqSnFIaI*3D&reserved=0__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSUlJSU!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8JveBGbQ$>>
>>>>> >
>>>>> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.linguistlist.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fhpsg-l__%3B!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8IFxrgOM%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888770990790%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=AnUy6GEzZxv9yNuTQgycJjiJ5XKrXL1scuVwEffkaY0%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/hpsg-l__;!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8IFxrgOM$>
>>>>>
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> HPSG-L mailing list
>>>>> HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>>>>
>>>>> https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.linguistlist.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fhpsg-l__%3B!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8IFxrgOM%24&data=05%7C02%7Crchaves%40buffalo.edu%7Cf6aa58da456645e43cdc08dd608eb753%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638772888771003422%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=F4dxIuEbpNcCmwwrZL6M93XLqn1U3U2aBCh207UK7eU%3D&reserved=0<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/hpsg-l__;!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6sxcWf8IFxrgOM$><https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/hpsg-l__;!!K-Hz7m0Vt54!mPAi5C1HHo3E9FbgFknLV1atAM-iwf0T-92yDt4r8e8_3IBw6V8u0JA2FXttB3auQ2jHnpfjZ6
>>>>>
>>>>> sx
>>>>> cWf8IFxrgOM$>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> HPSG-L mailing list
>>>> HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org<mailto:HPSG-L at listserv.linguistlist.org>
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