new Spanish-English bilingual corpus

Tue Mar 17 01:28:41 UTC 2009

Dear Info-CHILDES,
    I am happy to announce the addition to CHILDES of a new corpus of  
transcripts from identical twins in Spain, learning Spanish (from  
their father) and English (from their mother).  This corpus is  
entitled the FerFuLice corpus after the two contributors, Raquel  
Férnandez Fuertes (Valladolid) and Juana Liceras (Ottawa).  The corpus  
is included in the Bilingual segment of CHILDES.  The readme for the  
corpus is included below.  Many thanks to Raquel and Juana for this  
excellent contribution.

-- Brian MacWhinney

This corpus contains spontaneous productions from a longitudinal study  
of two English/Spanish bilingual identical twins with the pseudonyms  
of Simon and Leo. They were born into a middle-class family in Spain.  
The father is a native speaker of Peninsular Spanish and the mother is  
a native speaker of American English. The father always speaks to the  
children in Spanish and the mother always addresses them in English.  
The parents generally communicate in Spanish with each other, except  
on summers when they travel to the United States for approximately two  
months or when a monolingual English speaker is present. Therefore, we  
are dealing with bilingual English/Spanish first language acquisition  
in a monolingual-Spanish social context, a type of bilingualism that  
is referred to in the literature as individual bilingualism (Bhatia  
and Ritchie, 2004).

During the first year, the mother was the primary caretaker of the  
twins. The father was present all day on weekends and less on  
weekdays. At age 1;10, the twins started going to day care for 3 hours  
a day on weekdays, where the language of the staff and other children  
was Spanish. Apart from the mother, additional contact with English  
was provided by occasional visits by the maternal grandparents and  
during the two-month visits to the United States every summer.

The twins and participants other than the investigators have  
pseudonyms to protect their privacy. If names of children or  
participants other than the investigators appear in the recordings,  
only the first initial or first and second initial are transcribed.   
When it was not clear in the recording which of the twins was speaking  
(mainly because they were off- screen) we have used SOL (Simon or Leo)  
instead of S (Simon) or L (Leo).

1. Procedure

The data we have collected cover the age range of 1;01 to 6;11. A  
total of 178 sessions were recorded on videotape and DVD, of which 117  
are in an English context (i.e., with an English interlocutor such as  
the interviewer or their mother) and 61 in a Spanish context (i.e.,  
with a Spanish interlocutor such as the interviewer or their father).  
The Spanish recordings were made at intervals of 2-3 weeks until age  
3;00 (with some interruptions during the summer holidays), and then  
once a month after that. The English recordings were sometimes made  
more frequently, but the sessions are usually much shorter and  
recorded on consecutive days. The children were recorded in  
naturalistic settings, usually at home, and appear together in the  
majority of the sessions. They were mostly engaged in normal play  
activities with the interlocutor.

Videotaping was done by Raquel Fernández Fuertes, K. Todd Spradlin,  
and Esther Álvarez de la Fuente. Transcription in Valladolid was done  
by Esther Álvarez de la Fuente, Susana Muñiz Fernández, Isabel Parrado  
Román, K. Todd Spradlin, Elisa Rosado Villegas, Israel de la Fuente  
Velasco, and Alfonso Martínez Pérez. Transcription in Ottawa was done  
by Rocío Pérez-Tattam, Tamara Vardomskaya, Anahí Alba de la Fuente, K.  
Todd Spradlin, Marco Llamazares, Melissa Grimes, Shauna Flynn, and  
Deidre Butters.

2. Inventory of sessions and files

In the tables below we indicate the recordings that we have made in a  
Spanish-language context and in an English-language context. The  
labels SP (Spanish) and EN (English) indicate the language of the  
transcript. In both cases we indicate the number of sessions we  
recorded and the number of chat documents/files they correspond to.  
The transcripts are numbered according to the session and labeled  
(01), (02) and so forth to mark a cut-off point at 1000 utterances  
within each session. Although we tried to maintain a strict separation  
between the two languages in the recordings, mixing of languages  
occurs sometimes (we have indicated this in the tables below). As  
well, some of the recordings correspond to different experimental  
tests we have used: 2 on code switching (CS) and 3 on natural  
translation (TR).

year

age range

spanish context

# of SP sessions

# of SP files

duration

2000

1;01.22- 1;11.20

11

37

(7 in EN)

5:56:50

2001

2;00.16-2;11.19

17

32

(2 with CS test)

9:33:58

2002

3;00.23-3;11.18

13

20

10:06:33

2003

4;00.22-4;11.11

9

(1 with TR test)

18

(1 with TR test)

6:34:39

2004

5;02.02-6;00.02

8

9

3:41:17

2005

6;02.09-6;11.00

3

4

1:33:54

total

1;01-6;11

61

120

37:27:11

year

age range

english context

# of EN sessions

# of EN files

duration

2000

1;01.22- 1;11.20

15

(1 in SP)

30

(3 in SP)

6:51:24

2001

2;00.16-2;11.19

21

37

8:35:05

2002

3;00.23-3;11.18

38

(1 with CS test)

57

(1 in SP)

(3 with CS test)

14:47:53

2003

4;00.22-4;11.11

22

32

7:33:30

2004

5;02.02-6;00.02

11

(1 with NT test)

16

(1 with NT test)

3:56:09

2005

6;00.05-6;10.19

10

(1 with NT test)

15

(3 with NT test)

3:42:55

total

1;01-6;10

117

187

45:26:56

3.  References

Ph. d. dissertations

§   Álvarez de la Fuente, Esther (2007): Análisis lingüístico de la  
traducción natural: datos de producción de dos niños gemelos bilingües  
inglés/español [Universidad de Valladolid, Spain] <www.proquest.co.uk>.
§   Pérez-Tattam, Rocío (2007): Infinitival complements in bilingual  
and L2 grammars [University of Ottawa, Canada].
§   Carter, Diana (2008): The primary and non-primary acquisition of  
the mass-count distinction in English and Spanish [University of  
Ottawa, Canada].

M.A. theses

§   Parrado Román, Isabel (2004): La sintaxis de los sistemas  
bilingües inglés/español: estudio comparado de la flexión verbal  
[Universidad de Valladolid, Spain].
§   Alba de la Fuente, Anahí (2006): Adquisición de los clíticos  
españoles por niños bilingües [University of Ottawa, Canada].
§   Gaulin, Rebecca (2008): Examination of copula omission within the  
data of Spanish-English twin infants, Leo and Simon: the effects of  
transfer [University of Ottawa, Canada].

Articles

(2003) J.M. Liceras: Spanish L1/L2 crossroads: can we get there from  
here? In A.T. Pérez-Leroux and Y. Roberge (eds.) Romance Linguistics:  
Theory and Acquisition, John Benjamins, 317-350.   [ISBN:  
90-272-4756-0, 1-58811-430-9]
(2003) K.T. Spradlin, J.M. Liceras, and R. Fernández Fuertes:  
Functional-lexical code-mixing patterns as evidence for language  
dominance in young bilingual children: a minimalist approach. In J.M.  
Liceras, H. Zobl, and H. Goodluck (eds.) Generative approaches to  
second language acquisition conference (GASLA-6 2002): L2 links,  
Cascadilla Press, 298-307.   [ISBN: 1-57473-401-6]
(2004) R. Fernández Fuertes, E. Álvarez de la Fuente, and S. Muñiz  
Fernández: Aprendiendo inglés y español: we want to learn jugando, La  
audiencia imaginaria, Centro Buendía, Universidad de Valladolid,  
101-112.   [ISBN: 84-688-8130-9]
(2004) R. Pérez-Tattam, K.T. Spradlin, J.M. Liceras, and R. Fernández  
Fuertes: Code-switching, language dominance and the determination of  
language competence. In E. González-Álvarez and A. Rollings (eds.)  
Studies in contrastive linguistics, Universidade de Santiago de  
Compostela, 439-448.   [ISBN: 84-9750-375-2]
(2005) J.M. Liceras, K.T. Spradlin, and R. Fernández Fuertes:  
Bilingual early functional-lexical mixing and the activation of formal  
features. International journal of bilingualism, vol. 9, N. 2,  
227-251.   [ISSN: 1367-0069; ISBN: 0-9545259-8-1]
(2005) J.M. Liceras: La adquisición de la lengua materna y las lenguas  
segundas: ¿Qué caminos llevan a qué Roma. In P. Fuertes Olivera (ed.)  
Lengua y sociedad: investigaciones recientes en lingüística aplicada,  
Universidad de Valladolid, 119-151.   [ISBN: 9788484483427]
(2005) R. Fernández Fuertes, E. Álvarez de la Fuente, J.M. Liceras,  
and K.T. Spradlin: El “cambio o la alternancia de código” del lenguaje  
infantil de los bilingües y la activación de los rasgos formales del  
input lingüístico. In M.A. Mayor Cinca, B. Zubiauz de Pedro, and E.  
Díez-Villoria (eds.) Estudios sobre la adquisición del lenguaje,  
Universidad de Salamanca, 612-631.   [ISBN: 84-7800-511-0]
(2005) J.M. Liceras and R. Fernández Fuertes: Formal features in child  
and adult code-mixing. Cuadernos de lingüística XII, 139-154,  
Instituto Universitario Ortega y Gasset.   [ISBN: 84-95048-57-4]
(2005) E. Álvarez de la Fuente, I. Parrado Román, S. Muñiz Fernández,  
and R. Fernández Fuertes: Una habilidad de los niños bilingües:  
acercamiento a la traducción natural. In L. Pérez Ruiz and C.  
Estébanez Estébanez (coords.) Estudios de metodología de la lengua  
inglesa [III], Centro Buendía, Universidad de Valladolid, 389-402.    
[ISBN: 84-8448-349-5]
(2006) J.M. Liceras, C. Martínez, K.T. Spradlin, R. Pérez Tattam, S.  
Perales, and R. Fernández Fuertes: L2 acquisition as a process of  
creolization: insights from child and adult code-mixing. In C.  
Lefebvre, L. White, and C. Jourdan (eds.) L2 acquisition and Creole  
genesis: dialogues, John Benjamins, 114-144.   [ISBN: 90-272-5302-1]
(2006) E. Álvarez de la Fuente: La traducción natural en la  
adquisición bilingüe simultánea inglés/español. In Studies in  
Contrastive Linguistics 170, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela,  
59-67.   [ISBN: 978-84-9750-648-0]
(2006) I. Parrado Román: La flexión verbal en la adquisición del  
bilingüismo como L1. In Studies in Contrastive Linguistics 170,  
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 769-778.   [ISBN:  
978-84-9750-648-0]
(2007) R. Fernández Fuertes, E. Álvarez de la Fuente, and J.M.  
Liceras: Los datos de adquisición bilingüe inglés/español: separación  
y mezcla de códigos. In R. Mairal (ed.) Aprendizaje de lenguas, uso  
del lenguaje y modelación cognitiva: perspectivas aplicadas entre  
disciplinas, UNED, 247-261.   [ISBN: 978-84-611-6897-2]
(2007) J.M. Liceras: La adquisición de lenguas segundas y la  
encrucijada Lengua-I(interna) / Lengua-E(xterna) en la adquisición, el  
cambio diacrónico y la formación de criollos. In R. Mairal (ed.)  
Aprendizaje de lenguas, uso del lenguaje y modelación cognitiva:  
perspectivas aplicadas entre disciplinas, UNED, 67-90.   [ISBN:  
978-84-611-6897-2]
(2007) I. Parrado Román: La concordancia verbal en el proceso de  
adquisición bilingüe: estudio comparado inglés-español. In R. Mairal  
(ed.) Aprendizaje de lenguas, uso del lenguaje y modelación cognitiva:  
perspectivas aplicadas entre disciplinas, UNED, 409-420.   [ISBN:  
978-84-611-6897-2]
(2008) J.M. Liceras, R. Fernández Fuertes, S. Perales, R. Pérez- 
Tattam, and K.T. Spradlin: Gender and gender agreement in bilingual  
native and non-native grammars: a view from child and adult functional- 
lexical mixings. Lingua, vol. 118, Issue 6, 827-851.   [ISSN: 0024-3841]
(2008) J.M. Liceras, R. Fernández Fuertes, and R. Pérez Tattam: Null  
and overt subjects in the developing grammars (L1 English/L1 Spanish)  
of two bilingual twins. In C. Pérez-Vidal, M. Juan Garau, and A. Bel i  
Gaya (eds.) A portrait of the young in the new multilingual Spain,  
Multilingual Matters, 111-134.   [ISBN: 978-1-84769-023-4]
(2008) R. Fernández Fuertes, S. Muñiz Fernández, E. Álvarez de la  
Fuente, and Mª I. Parrado Román: Feature representations in the  
linguistic production of English/Spanish bilingual children. In L.  
Pérez Ruiz, and C. Estébanez Estébanez (eds.) Language awareness in  
English and Spanish, Centro Buendía, Universidad de Valladolid,  
53-75.   [ISBN: 978-84-8448-448-6]
(2008) R. Fernández Fuertes, J.M. Liceras, and E. Álvarez de la  
Fuente: Linguistic theory and bilingual systems: simultaneous and  
sequential English/Spanish bilingualism. In M.A. Gómez-González, J.L.  
Mackencie, and E.M. González Álvarez (eds.) Languages and cultures in  
contrast and comparison, John Benjamins, 275-297.   [ISBN:  
978-90-272-5419-1]
(2008) R. Fernández Fuertes, J.M. Liceras, R. Pérez-Tattam, D. Carter,  
C. Martínez-Sanz, and A. Alba de la Fuente: The nature of the  
pronominal system and verbal morphology in bilingual Spanish/English  
child data: linguistic theory and learnability issues. In J. Bruhn de  
Garavito and E. Valenzuela (eds.) Selected proceedings of the 10th  
Hispanic Linguistic Symposium, Cascadilla Press, 51-63.   [ISBN:  
978-1-57473-427-0]
(2008) R. Fernández Fuertes, E. Álvarez de la Fuente, I. Parrado  
Román, and S. Muñiz Fernández: La bici pirata se convierte en pirate  
bike o en bike pirate: la composición nominal en datos de adquisición  
de niños. In L. Pérez Ruiz, I. Pizarro Sánchez, and E. González Cascos  
(eds.) Estudios de metodología de la lengua inglesa [IV], Centro  
Buendía, Universidad de Valladolid, 421-438.   [ISBN: 978-84-8448-461-5]
(2008) J.M. Liceras and R. Fernández Fuertes: La omisión de la cópula  
en el inglés de los niños bilingües (español/inglés): los rasgos  
semánticos y la dicotomía ser/estar del español. Actas del XV congreso  
internacio nal de la asociación de lingüística y filología de América  
Latina (ALFAL), Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de  
la Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay, #0618.

Funding was supplied by these sources:

§   Bilingualism (English/Spanish) as a first language: a case study  
of identical twins [Faculty of Arts research funds, University of  
Ottawa, Canada], 2000-2004. Principal Investigator: J.M. Liceras.
§   Estrategias para la enseñanza de lenguas y la formación del  
profesorado: estudio teórico y práctico de la producción lingüística  
de gemelos bilingües inglés/español [Consejería de Educación y  
Cultura, Junta de Castilla y León, Spain  (UV 30/02)], 2002-2003.  
Principal Investigator: R. Fernández Fuertes.
§   La teoría lingüística y el análisis de los sistemas bilingües:  
estudio longitudinal de la adquisición simultánea del inglés y del  
español [Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain  (BFF2002-00442)],  
2002-2005. Principal Investigator: R. Fernández Fuertes.
§   Two perspectives on optionality and parametric values in second  
language acquisition: primary language development and diachronic  
change [Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada  (RE/ 
C: 410-2004-2034)], 2004-2007. Principal Investigator: J.M. Liceras.
§   Lenguas en contacto [inglés/español] en el contexto de Castilla y  
León: adquisición de lenguas primeras y segundas [Consejería de  
Educación, Junta de Castilla y León, Spain  (VA046A06)], 2006-2008.  
Principal Investigator: R. Fernández Fuertes.
§   Elaboración y análisis de un corpus de datos de adquisición del  
inglés y del español como L1 y L2 de niños y adultos: aprendizaje  
formal, naturaleza del input y factor edad [Ministerio de Educación y  
Ciencia, Spain  (HUM2007-62213)], 2007-2010. Principal Investigator:  
R. Fernández Fuertes.

Publications using these data should cite:

Liceras, J.M., R. Fernández Fuertes, S. Perales, R. Pérez-Tattam and  
K.T. Spradlin. 2008. Gender and gender agreement in bilingual native  
and non-native grammars: a view from child and adult functional- 
lexical mixings. Lingua 118 (6): 827-851. [ISSN: 0024-3841].
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