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[H.M. Hubey]

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Some words. Where they are not marked they are from Karachay-Balkar. The

others from Turkut (clauson), Chuvash, Turkish, etc are marked.


qatala furious
qat 1) liter., figurative to harden, to get stronger; to become firm
(strong);  2) to dry up; 3) tempered; qatxan qurç hardened steel 4)
stick (into)  eyes, to stare, to be fixated;  5) to stiffen; grow
torpid; 6) to die (more often, child);
qatı I 1) liter., figurative firm, strong, rigid;  2) abrupt;  3) hard,
tight; 4) heavy, fast;  5) figurative severe, ruthless, rough  6)
figurative strict;  ~ ustaz  strict teacher;
qatışdırewük (-gü) karach. 1) mixed, hashed, confusing 2) chaotic,
slovenly, disorderly, disorganised, slap-dash; ol ~ kibikdi he/she a
little slovenly
qatışdır 1) to prevent, to mix; 2) to confuse; başımı qatışdırma do not
confuse me; 3) to entangle, to involve; bu işge meni kim qatışdırdı? who
entangled  me in this business?
qatış 1) to be prevented, to mix up, to mix up with; 2) to be confused;
qatışıb turama I am confused;  3) figurative to interfere, to get mixed
up; to participate in; sözge ~– to interfere with conversation;
qatışmaz?a to not interfere; 4) to be disarranged (about hair)
qatışıw action name to qatışır?a participation, intervention
qatışlı having an impurity, with an impurity, dirty
qatışma mix; mess
qatış-qura 1) chaos, disorder, mess  chaotic  2) medley; ~ eterge to
mix. to make medley

kat- to mix (two things), to add  (something acc.)   see 1
kar-.[Clauson72:594]
katıgh hard, firm, tough[Clauson72:597]
katkı harsh, hard, hearted [Clauson72:598]
katık (katuk) something mixed into something else  the edge
[Clauson72:598]
katın e.g.  ya:gh katındı  the man pretended to mix the parched grain
[Clauson72:603]
kadhır  grim, brutal, oppressive, dangerous[Clauson72:603]
kadhır kış[Clauson72:603]
[Notice that Turkut still had the phoneme dh [Clauson] circa 700 CE]

kurut Dev. N. fr. kurı:  dried curds used as a kind of hard
cheese[Clauson72:648]
kurı:-  to be, or become dry[Clauson72:646]
karım - a moat, town ditch, and the like; lit. (a moat filled by) a
single overflow of water[Clauson72:659]
kuyaş ‘the blazing heat of the sun, ‘the sun’[Clauson72:679]

qawal  gun (without rifling in a trunk), shot-gun
qawdan dry herb (on a root), winter pasture;  ~ mal cattle on pasture,
to a forage (winter)
qawgha 1) quarrel, scandal, abuse; turmoil; revolt; 2) alarm, excitement

qawşa to perish; uruşda ~ to lose a fight;  artı?a ~ to overturn
qawursun dried, dry, ~ biçen the overdried hay

Turkish kavur (to roast)

qaynar hot;  ~ suwda cuw wash up in hot water
qayna 1) to boil; 2) to be cooked; 3) to be in a state of
fermentation(unrest);  4) to grow together; sı??an süyek qayna?andı the
broken bone has grown together, the bone has fused 5) liter., figurative
to storm, to rage;  6) to be angry, to be indignant;

qazan  kettle (copper), cooking pot;  kazan; et ~ (or aş) meat boiler;~
qara soot;
Chuvash  xuran kettle [Krueger61:240]; Turkish kazan, cooking pot.

qız 1) to be heated, to speed up; have/run a temperature; rot , decay;
figurative to burn, to inflame; get/fly into a passion, blaze up, fly
into a rage;  temir qız?andı  iron is hot; tepseb qızghan ot the
inflamed fire; qulaqlarım qızadıla my ears burn;

qızar 1) liter., figurative to redden; közleri qızar?andıla his eyes
have reddened; suwuqdan beti? qızar?andı your face reddened  from the
cold; beti qızardı he blushed; qıp-qızıl ~  to be heated to red;
qızar?an közle inflamed eyes; qızarmış bolur?a to redden; qızarıb
qalır?a  to flush red; 3)  to be angry; qızara-a?ara between worrying
and excitement (reddening and whitening)
qızıl 1) red;  açı ~ , ~ ala bright red; scarlet;

qız?an i. 1) partic. from qız; 2) hot; heated up, heated;
[Serious attention should be paid to the last word and such words in
Turkic. Notice
how the word is derived from the root. I cannot show the consonant that
shows up
as ?. It is really gh in karachay-Balkar and soft-g in Turkish. In
Turkish the word
would be qızan. If there ever was a mystery as to the meaning of the
-Vn, -Vl, and
-Vr suffixes, the answer might lie here as unbelievable as it sounds,
but I am still
not sure whether I should believe it. I am still doing more research on
this.]

qızın refl. 1) to take a great interest, to be interested;  2) to be
tempted; qızı??an tempted,  charmed.
qızınıw gerund from  qızın enthusiasm, eagerness, stimulus, interest;
[Recall the -U suffix of Akkadian e.g. ISHITU (heat)]

[Recall Turkic k= m Sumerian e.g. p>t>k in Turkic but p>b>m in
Sumerian.]

Sumerian mir  ’anger’ (MSL,IV,35)   Turkic kız  ’to be angry, cross’.
Chuvash  kerle to murmur, rustle, roar [Krueger61:222].  Chuvash  xer to
glow, become glowing [Krueger61:239]; Chuvash  xerle red
[Krueger61:239]; Chuvash  xevel sun   [Krueger61:240];
Chuvash  xut to heat [Krueger61:240]

There are dozens of related words. Now we move onto another vowel.

qur?aq (-?ı) 1) dry; ~ biçen dry hay; ~ otun dry fire wood; 2)
figurative dry, constrained, with restraint;  3) figurative empty,
useless; ~ söz jabber, empty conversation, fine words;  4) rare dry,
thin, lean; wiry, sinewy; ~ adam  thin man 5) rare a drought, dry;
qur?aqsı 1) to dry up; awuzum qur?aqsı?andı my throat is dry/parched;
quw II  tinder, match; ~ qabındı the tinder has lit up;

ka:v tinder  kav, kaw, ko:, ku:, kagh, kogh.  l.-w. in Persian. ka:v
tinder [Clauson72:579];
[There are Turcologists and others who read dictionaries who today claim
that these
words are from Iranian.]

quw III 1) dry; ~ otunla dry fire wood; ~ eterge to dry;  2) liter.,
figurative dried up, dried, faded; ~ terek a dried tree; ~ bolur?a a) to
dry up (for ex. about a tree);  3) gaunt, scrawny; lean; poor,
emaciated, skinny; ~ bolghun! a damnation may you be gone!

[This preterite form e.g. ( -ghun!) is identical to Hittite. See the
book by Held.]
quwur 1) to fry; et ~ to fry meat
quwurma cook.  fried food


kükürt karach. sulfur (chemical element)  sulfuric
kül ashes; ashen;  [It is possible that at one time, the –vl suffix
behaved like the –vn suffix so that the changes might have been *küyül >
kül, similar to *küyün > kün (sun). There is also a low-vowel version
i.e. kuyaş]
küllüm right in the sun, in the full blaze of the sun
kün 1)  sun;  2) [light] day, daytime; 3) day;
kündüz I.  day,  day time;  2. day;
küw karach. lit., mus. song - weeping; ~ le songs - weeping;
küy balk. same as küw
küydürgen 1) partic. from küydürürge; 2) sharp; burning;
küg ‘song, melody’[Clauson72:709]
küs- ‘to be angry, offended; to sulk’[Clauson72:748]
küydürüwçü incendiary; fiery, incendiary, inflammatory; ~ bomba
incendiary bomb
küy 1) liter., figurative to burn; 2) to scald, to be burnt (for ex.. by
tea) 3) to vanish in vain, to turn to ashes; qıyınım küydü my work was
in vain; açham boşuna küyüb ketdi  I lost all my money  4) to
experience, grieve (for); grieve: içinden ~ a) to experience
[internally]; b) bitterly to regret
küygen 1) partic. from küy; 2) burnt; charred; burnt;
 kül ‘ashes, cinders’ [Clauson72:715]
köz ‘burning embers’  ; kor in Trk see also koze i.e. [Clauson72:756]
köze:-  ‘to poke a fire, stir up the burning embers’[Clauson72:757]
közeş - poke (fi tahrit) the fire’; [Clauson72:762]


Now for what seems like a change of pace (but not really).

kaz- and kaşı:’to carve, engrave’[Clauson72:681]
kazgha:n ’a very old one,  xuran  ‘cauldron’ [Clauson72:682]
küri- ‘to dig up (the ground); to shovel(snow)’, and the
like.[Clauson72:737]
kürtük ‘ snowdrift, deep snow’[Clauson72:739]
qaz 1) to dig; to hollow 2) to extract; altın ~ to extract gold; 3) to
rummage;


The ‘unsolved’ problem of the meaning of ‘kazak’ and ‘kazar’, qazan
(kazan) might also be found in the sound shifts of Turkic languages. It
means ‘to dig’. Only in Turkish does gez mean ‘to wander’ (also kez,
Clauson72:757). Herodotus [HerO97:327] states that the Scythians cooked
meat by putting the meat in the stomach of the animal with some water,
and then using that as the ‘cooking pot’ and using the bones and fat of
the animal for fuel. Miziev [MizI96:48] gives references to this way of
cooking observed relatively recently, except that he describes the
process in more detail. A pit is dug, and a fire started in it using
grass, and the bones of the animal. Then the stomach of the animal with
the meat inside mixed with some water is put in the pit. This relates
the word for digging with cooking, specifically with the word for a
make-shift cooking pot.

We already know that Sumerian har (meaning ‘to dig’) [TunO90:17] is
cognate with Turkic kaz with the same meaning. The answer is very
suggestive, some peoples who did not have cooking pots (not even ceramic
ones) and who probably were on the move a lot (i.e. nomads) used this
method of cooking. It is hardly worth pointing out that the common
Turkic word for cooking pot which is qazan/kazan can hardly be obtained
from kaz meaning ‘goose’ (which might even be a loan from IE if not
protoworld) or from qaz/kaz meaning ‘to dig’ any other way. Once again
this can be found to go back to Sumerian era [TunO90:13]. Kurgan is from
Turkic and means ‘grave’ or ‘tumulus’ for a grave. Furthermore, the word
for ‘stomach’ is qarın which seems to belong to a set of early words
such as qoyun, qıyın, boyun, qalın,  qatın,  kırkın etc. Another
alternative for Turkish gez meaning ‘to wander’ is from köç but this
word also has the same kö root having to do with things like digging,
burying (köm,göm), sinking (kömek, TunO90:12]), and underground things
(kömür) which are again apparently related to the same idea. This idea
explains why there are people called kashog, or kashogian north of the
Caucasus when the Turkic peoples are all supposed to be east of the
Altays according to standard history. Incidentally, the kar root must go
back to quite ancient times since reflexes can be found in Proto-Korean
as *kar-. Many such words can be found in present day languages: kar >
karık (furrow in archaic Turkish); kazu (to dig, Tatar); xır (dig,
Chuvash);  qaru (to dig ,Classical Mongol); xaru (to dig, Khalkha); qır
(to scrape in Karachay-Balkar, and Kazakh). We also have the names of
instruments from the same roots:  küre > kürek(shovel) ; kaşı> kaşık
(spoon); kaz > kazık (peg) or kazı > kazık. There are related words;
kurgan (burial grave/mound); kör (grave, Turkish, Karachay-Balkar, etc);
kara (land, said to be Arabic); qora (to disappear, to die,
Karachay-Balkar); Turkish doublet karma-karışık (from  kar to mix, stir
(overturn earth?).  Therefore the word qazan (cooking pot) really is
from qaz (to dig). Therefore the words kazak (>cossack), hussar
(<khazar?) really are from the word for digging. These nomads were
‘diggers’ in that their nomadism determined their cooking method. This
method was porbably used by all humans before the advent of ceramic or
metallic pots and pans. The words for plates and pans in Turkic also
show their derivation from metal working.

The reconstructions attest to the same: *kar ( to dig, Proto-Altaic);
also hur = to scratch; etc.; kur = to incise, notch; etc. (Sumerian),
and while we are at it, hariya (to bury) in Hittite. Uralic languages
show similar results. *kara = dig (Proto-Finno-Volgaic). After all this,
it seems nonsensical to insist that kara (land) is Iranian. It is
obviously a loan in Persian as is the word karsh in Sanskrit. Strangely
enough the words pit and pot in English point to a similar development.
And even more to the point, Russian garshog (pot) which is unlike any of
the other Slavic words for pot seems to confirm this viewpoint.


All these words point to this:

Digging (something), mixing it (with water?), heating it, cooking it, or
allowing it to
burn in the sun e.g. sun-baking it, and hardening it.

All these have to do with claymaking.

And the others; scratching, incising, etc are obvious.

Look at the second consonant.


Semitic roots: KTB, and ShTB are related to these words.

I will post on those later. I checked Akkadian for roots KTx, KR, KL,
KRR, KLL etc.
I posted one already; kilin (heat). I will post the others later.


--
M. Hubey

hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu
/\/\/\/\//\/\/\/\/\/\/http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey



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