[Lexicog] power of nasal consonant
maxwell maxwell@umiacs.umd.edu [lexicographylist]
lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
Wed Oct 28 21:04:13 UTC 2015
This is a common process in Austronesian languages, I believe. A couple
examples of coalescence (but not of nasal + stop) are given here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_%28linguistics%29#Coalescence_.28fusion.29
and a description of nasal + stop "substitution" here:
http://people.umass.edu/pater/ausnasrev.pdf
(It's written in an OT framework, but the data is presented reasonably
clearly.)
--
Mike Maxwell
maxwell at umiacs.umd.edu
"I cannot believe that our existence in this universe
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On 10/28/2015 10:35 AM, 'SIEGEL, Jason' jason.siegel at cavehill.uwi.edu
[lexicographylist] wrote:
> The key word to look up for this type of change is /coalescence/, in
> which two consonants merge into a single consonant, preserving different
> features of each.
>
> --Jason
>
> --
>
> Jason F. Siegel, Ph.D.
>
> Research Fellow in Lexicography
>
> Director, Centre for Caribbean Lexicography
>
> University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus
>
> St. Michael
>
> Barbados
>
> jason.siegel at cavehill.uwi.edu <mailto:jason.siegel at cavehill.uwi.edu>
>
> 1-246-417-4468
>
> *From:*lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> [mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com]
> *Sent:* Wednesday, October 28, 2015 10:33 AM
> *To:* lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> *Subject:* RE: [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant
>
> Interesting data!
>
> I can see the /pn/ à[m] preserves both the place of the /p/ and the
> nasality of the /n/. There’s different ways this could be formally
> analyzed with rules or constraints. Whether 1) /p/ à[m] before /n/, and
> then /n/ disappears, or 2) /n/ à[m] after /p/, and then /p/ disappears,
> or 3) some other merging operation, needs more data to figure out. Are
> there other cases similar to this, or is it limited to this one word?
>
> Also interesting is the directionality. It seems you do NOT get:
>
> ma tapnatam lak-i 'He comes very slowly'.
>
> Right?
>
> As for further insights/analysis, it depends on what your goal is. If
> you’d like to understand it more deeply, perhaps for a write-up or
> paper, then great – keep asking, and perhaps someone could guide you
> through the questions you’d need to answer to figure out the process. If
> it’s just to have a general idea of what’s going on, then you may not
> need much more.
>
> Grace to you,
>
> Mike Cahill
>
> *From:*lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com>
> [mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com>]
> *Sent:* Wednesday, October 28, 2015 4:41 AM
> *To:* lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com>
> *Subject:* Re: [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant
>
> Thanks to all for your response to my query. I would like to discuss a
> little more in the same line by citing examples from Manipuri/Meithei
> (T-B language). Let's consider the following:
>
> 1. ma tapna tapna lak-i
>
> 3sg be.slow-Adv be.slow-Adv come-Asp 'He comes very
> slowly'.
>
> In (1) tapna tapna 'very slowly (approx.)' is a case of duplication and
> this can be contracted in connected speech as in (2) below.
>
> (2) ma tam tapna lak-i 'He comes very slowly'.
>
> In (2), the first word of the duplication is seen as having 'm' (nasal)
> as the final segment.
>
> How does /p/ changes to /m/, I suppose, is due to the influence of the
> following /n/.
>
> Further, the contraction may be extended to the second member of the
> duplication as in (3)
>
> (3) ma tam tam lak-i 'He comes very slowly'
>
> Any other possible explanation is sought.
>
> Thanks
>
> surmangol
>
> --------------------------------- Hanjabam Surmangol Sharma Department
> of Linguistics Manipur University, Canchipur Imphal 795 003 MANIPUR
>
> On Wednesday, 28 October 2015 6:35 AM, "Patrick C patrick.chew at gmail.com
> <mailto:patrick.chew at gmail.com> [lexicographylist]"
> <lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com>> wrote:
>
> To dovetail with previous answers, Korean shows the following:
>
> Sino-Korean
>
> sam ri > sam ni "three ri ('miles')" (三里삼리)
>
> haeng-ri > haeng-ni "luggage" (行李행리) [obs.?]
>
> native-Korean:
>
> <-pnita> = [-mnida] -ㅂ니다
>
> formal polite verb ending, eg:
>
> ha- "to do" > hamnida 합니다
>
> other verb endings that cause the same sandhi effect:
>
> <-ni> : <ka-ss-ni> = [kanni] (갔니"(you) went?")
>
> <-ne> : <eops-ne> = [eomne] (없네"there isn't any...")
>
> <-neun-> : <meok-neun-de> = [meongneunde] (먹는데"even though X eat(s)")
>
> cheers,
>
> -Patrick
>
>
>
> Apologies for typos - typed with my thumbs and subject to autocorrect in
> the most amusing of ways. (i.e. on my iPhone)
>
> On Tue, Oct 27, 2015 at 7:15 AM, Mike Cahill Mike_Cahill at sil.org
> <mailto:Mike_Cahill at sil.org> [lexicographylist]
> <lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com>> wrote:
>
> Another example, briefly, from Konni of Ghana, again affecting /r/:
>
> /gim-ri/ à[ginni] ‘sparrow-the’ (cf. /daa-ri/ à[daari] ‘day-the’)
>
> I’m sure there are more around the world!
>
> Mike
>
> *From:*lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com>
> [mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com>]
> *Sent:* Tuesday, October 27, 2015 8:28 AM
> *To:* lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
> <mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com>
> *Subject:* Re: [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant
>
> Hanjabam Surmango Shama:
>
> In response to your question: can a nasal consonant affect a oral
> consonant as the later becomes a nasal?
>
> Yes, a nasal vowel followed by the consonant “r” naturally affects
> it to sound as an “n.” Further, a nasal vowel will affect a
> succeeding vowel to sound as a nasual.
>
> In Báxoje Jiwére language (Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska), a Siouan
> language:
>
> -- rúmi (buy s.t.) ~ hin_númi_wi (we buy it) [hin-...wi (we) +
> rúmi (buy)
>
> -- Where two vowels are separated by “h, w, y, or glottal stop (^)”
> nasalization goes across both vowels. Note:
>
> pahí (sharp) > pahínhin (thorn);
>
> yán (sleep) > ayán ~ anyán (bed; lay on)
>
> ki^ín (gamble) > kin^ín (gamble; try)
>
> *From:*mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com
>
> *Sent:*Tuesday, October 27, 2015 4:58 AM
>
> *To:*yahoogroups <mailto:lexicographylist at yahoogroups.com>
>
> *Subject:*[Lexicog] power of nasal consonant
>
> Dear All,
>
> I invite your suggestions to the point at which I am curious is --
> can a nasal consonant affect a oral consonant as the later becomes a
> nasal?
>
> thanks
>
> surmangol
>
> --------------------------------- Hanjabam Surmangol Sharma
> Department of Linguistics Manipur University, Canchipur Imphal 795
> 003 MANIPUR
------------------------------------
Posted by: maxwell <maxwell at umiacs.umd.edu>
------------------------------------
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