[lg policy] Moscow will Destroy Russia by Copying Soviet Nationality Policy, Middle Volga Peoples Say

[Harold Schiffman]

Window on Eurasia: Moscow will Destroy Russia by Copying Soviet
Nationality Policy, Middle Volga Peoples Say

Paul Goble

Vienna, August 5 – The draft program for Russia’s future nationality
policy prepared by the Moscow Institute of Ethnology calls for “the
systematic destruction of the federal and democratic foundations” of
the Russian Federation and contains elements from Soviet practice that
could lead to “the disintegration of the country,” Middle Volga
activists say. This week, the World Kurultay of Bashkirs and the World
Congress of Tatars released a joint appeal attacking the Moscow
proposal in the name of “preserving the constitutional bases of the
ethno-cultural diversity of the peoples of the Russian Federation.”
Mordvin activists yesterday announced that they support the provisions
of this declaration as well. And while all three groups have been
denounced as radical in the past, the decision of the Turkic Tatars
and Bashkirs to issue this statement and the readiness of the
Finno-Ugric Mordvins to join them suggest that the issues the appeal
raises reflect the views of many people in that region and perhaps
more generally as well.

The Tatar-Bashkir declaration begins by asserting that “the situation
which now exists in the country threatens the existence of the
multi-national Russian Federation” because “authoritarian tendencies
are increasing … and have begun to penetrate all spheres of
social-political and social-economic life”
(mariuver.wordpress.com/2009/08/04/tatary-bashkiry/). “The
construction of the so-called ‘power vertical’ has resulted in the
systematic destruction of federal and democratic foundations of the
new Russian statehood which arose after the destruction of the
totalitarian regime of the CPSU,” the appeal continues. And then the
document focuses on what its authors see as the primary threat now.

“As is well-known,” they write, “at one time in the USSR, the
authorities persistently attempted to create ‘a single Soviet people’
without ethno-national characteristics. [Such efforts] generated
strong tension in society, especially in the sphere of inter-ethnic
relations and, in the final analysis, led to the collapse of the
country.” Unfortunately, the document continues, not having learned
from the past, “certain political forces of Russia today are repeating
the very same mistakes by attempting to construct a so-called
‘all-civic Russian nation,’” an effort likely to entail equally
“destructive” consequences for the country in the future.

The latest manifestation of such efforts, the appeal says, is the
draft Conception of a Federal Law ‘On the Foundations of Government
Nationality Policy in the Russian Federation” and the explanatory
supplements which were prepared by the Institute of Ethnology and have
been released with the draft concept paper. The Tatar-Bashkir
declaration with which the Mordvin group has associated itself points
to five problems with the draft legislation. First, the declaration
says, the concept “completely ignores the existence of national
republics and their priority rights in the conduct of nationality
policy in their own republics.”
As such, the Middle Volga appeal continues, the draft, in calling for
“’new approaches to the development of legislation in the sphere of
government nationality policy,’ is based on the leveling of all
subjects of the Russian Federation which in practice would mean the
gradual liquidation of republics” within the country.

Second, the appeal notes, in the draft, “the role of the national
republics in the resolution of nationality problems is subordinated to
federal, regional and local national-cultural autonomies,” another
violation of the historic rights of the people involved and a threat
to their future existence. Third, it continues, the draft conception
ignores “the ethnic rights of the peoples of the Russian Federation”
by declaring in what the Tatar and Bashkir appeal says are “abstract”
and “meaningless” terms that the proposed legislation will promote
“the unity of ethno-cultural and linguistic diversity.” Fourth, the
appeal says, the proposed legislation, while invoking the Declaration
of the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination, in fact promotes
precisely the “unification” and “centralization” of public sphere “in
the sphere of nationality policy” that the Declaration is intended to
counter.

And fifth, the appeal argues, the draft lays heavy stress “on the
problems of national and ethnic minorities but at the same time
minimizes issues concerning the ethnic development of republic-forming
peoples,” yet another indication of the way in which the legislation
would work to the detriment of the republics.
In its concluding section, the Tatar-Bashkir appeal says that in its
current form, the draft prepared by the Moscow Institute of Ethnology
and Anthropology is directed at the covert revision of the Russian
Constitution, “the destruction of the language, culture and history of
the indigenous peoples” of the country, and their “assimilation” into
“a Russian civic nation.”

Among the comments left on the Mariuver site after it posted the
Tatar-Bashkir declaration were two that are especially intriguing.
According to one, the draft legislation shows that “people in the
Kremlin are living absolutely in another dimension” and are trying to
unite “whole peoples” with “the poor Russians whom the entire world
dislikes.”

And according to the other, “the last sentence of the population of
Yugoslavia showed that very people identified as Yugoslavs. After
several years, out of this country arose five new states. No one in
our century is running to fulfill the inventions of those in power” as
the authors of the draft seem to think.
Instead, the author of the post says, “even the Roma respect their own
nation and hardly are likely to identify as [non-ethnic] Russians.
That is all the more the case for [ethnic] Russians and Tatars.
Besides, it seems that in recent times, [Moscow] has begun to respect
the Tatars and Bashkirs -- apparently as a result of [their]
resistance to Russification.”

-- http://windowoneurasia.blogspot.com/2009/08/window-on-eurasia-moscow-will-destroy.html
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