[lg policy] Should Schools Require Foreign Languages? Doubtful.

Wed May 23 19:09:43 UTC 2018

 Should Schools Require Foreign Languages? Doubtful.

   -

<https://www.forbes.com/sites/artcarden/>
Art Carden <https://www.forbes.com/sites/artcarden/> , Contributor Using
economics to understand the world. Opinions expressed by Forbes
Contributors are their own.

Some schools allow students to substitute classes in statistics, math, and
computer programming courses for “foreign language” requirements. It’s a
good policy, and it would be wise, I think, for schools around the country
to adopt it or simply drop foreign language requirements altogether.

Don’t get me wrong: languages are great, and I think our lives would be
improved considerably if we all knew at least one additional language and
could read classics like *Les Miserables*, *War and Peace*, and *Don
Quixote* in their original languages.

But alas, as the economist and education iconoclast Bryan Caplan
<http://bcaplan.com/> has pointed out, Americans rarely read the classics
even in translation. According to the Pew Research Center, about a quarter
of American adults “say they haven’t read a book in whole or in part in the
past year, whether in print, electronic or audio form
<http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/03/23/who-doesnt-read-books-in-america/>
.”

The problem isn’t that people don’t read the classics in their original
language or even that they don’t read the classics. It’s that they don’t
read, *period*. There are undoubtedly lives that have been changed as
people went from being uninterested in the life of the mind to enthusiastic
readers after studying Russian and reading *The Brothers Karamzov*, but
these are surely very few and very far between.

For the average American, studying foreign languages in school is a waste
of time given all the other things she could be doing. For the marginal
American who would be nudged into a Spanish class rather than art history
or economics by just a little bit more subsidy, there is hardly anything to
be gained by making that choice.

“But it’s good for society.” I’m not so sure. For society writ large, it’s
hard to see how we’re all made better off by just a bit more language study
at the expense of other things people could be doing. In other words, I
don’t think there are unrealized spillover benefits waiting to be picked up
by nudging people into an extra semester or extra year of Spanish at the
expense of the other things they could be doing.

Don’t get me wrong: my life would undoubtedly be much better if I knew more
than the smattering of German I remember from High School. Then again, my
life would also be better if I played piano, raced triathlons, or mastered
the art of French cooking. Even equipped with this knowledge, I chose—and
choose—to do other things.

According to Thomas Sowell, “the first lesson of economics is scarcity:
there is never enough of anything to fully satisfy all those who want it.”
In other words, you can’t have it all. By choosing to do one thing, you’re
choosing *not* to do another, and additional language study would have to
come at the expense of something else—something else that people, facing
the incentives and constraints they currently face, have deemed more
important than a little more language learning.

“But most Europeans are multilingual.” That’s true, but Europe has a lot of
language groups clustered in a relatively small space. Paris is closer to
Amsterdam than Birmingham is to New Orleans, and you don’t change languages
between Birmingham and New Orleans.

Here’s some additional perspective. This summer, my family is taking a
cross-country road trip. On our first day of driving, I believe we’re
driving from Birmingham to Columbia, Missouri. According to Google Maps
it’ll be about a 9-hour drive through parts of Alabama, Tennessee,
Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. It’s roughly the same driving time as the
trip from Hamburg, Germany to Paris, but on a drive from Hamburg to Paris
you would pass through four countries (Germany, Holland, Belgium, France)
speaking three different languages (German, Dutch, and French).

The average European isn’t that far from a place where people speak another
language. Hence, it’s to their advantage to learn multiple languages. A
student in Birmingham would have to travel about a thousand miles to get to
the Mexican border, where she wouldn’t be surrounded by native English
speakers. And even then, she would be surrounded by enough people who speak
English that she’d be able to get around without a whole lot of trouble.
Even then, the distance from San Antonio to McAllen, Texas is comparable to
the distance between Berlin and Prague.

Compared to all the other things she could be doing, studying a foreign
language doesn’t give her a lot of bang for her buck. “The world would be a
better place if all Americans knew a foreign language” is true, but it’s
not the same thing as “it is therefore a good use of resources to require
students to study foreign languages in school.” The second claim needs a
solid argument for what we would give up and why.

But back to Sowell: “The first lesson of politics is to disregard the first
lesson of economics.” If you pretend that scarcity isn’t a constraint, it’s
easy to imagine having more of something you think important just by
wishing for it. Or voting for it. Policies that disregard scarcity are
unlikely to be wise.

One might respond that there are *benefits* to language study even if
someone doesn’t obtain fluency. They’re right, but there are also costs—
and most Americans have voted with their time and money for lots of things
besides studying foreign languages. By what right, I wonder, do We
Enlightened Few presume to tell them what to do? Even with the resources
we’re spending on language instruction now, people aren’t really learning
much, and “we should *make *them!” doesn’t strike me as a response to
“people don’t value this particular course of study” that’s worthy of a
free society that respects human dignity and the right to choose.

Would the world be a better place if Americans knew more languages? It
absolutely would be, but the world would be a better place with more of a
lot of things (great music, great artwork) and less of a lot of other
things (obesity, poverty). Bryan Caplan argues that people don’t retain a
lot of what they study, and foreign languages are one of his main examples.
In light of what we actually know about what people learn, retain, and use,
the sad fact is that eliminating language requirements would almost
certainly be a very good policy move.

Art Carden teaches economics at Samford University's Brock School of
Business.

-- 
=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+

 Harold F. Schiffman

Professor Emeritus of
 Dravidian Linguistics and Culture
Dept. of South Asia Studies
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305

Phone:  (215) 898-7475
Fax:  (215) 573-2138

Email:  haroldfs at gmail.com
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/

-------------------------------------------------
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lgpolicy-list/attachments/20180523/4c341c7d/attachment.htm>
-------------- next part --------------
_______________________________________________
This message came to you by way of the lgpolicy-list mailing list
lgpolicy-list at groups.sas.upenn.edu
To manage your subscription unsubscribe, or arrange digest format: https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list