[Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?
Alan Hyun-Oak Kim
alanhkim at siu.edu
Fri Jun 1 21:45:32 UTC 2018
Dear Ian,
I have a pair for you in Korean. (If anyone had mentioned it already, please discard.)
Compare (A) and (Z) below.
(A) iss- ta
exist- verb/sentential suffix
¡®to be present, to exist, to possess something¡¯
(Z) eps- ta
be absent- Verb-ending
¡®to be absent, to be lack of something, not to possess
something¡¯
You can negate (A) syntactically by applying the negative morpheme <ani>, then you lose the expected polar interpretation, as you see the interpretive contrast like the following.
(1) Na-nun ton-i eps-ta. [*Na-nun ton-I an(i) iss-ta]
I-TOP money-NOM absent-sentence ending
¡®I have no money¡¯
(2) Kamani an(i) iss-ko, eti-lul tolatani-nunya?!
[*kamani eps-ko ---]
still not stay-and where-ACC wonder- Q
¡®Where have you been, instead of staying here as I told you?!¡¯
Language like Japanese has the pair equivalent to the Korean contrast.
(3) ar-u ----- to be present, to possess, (something) to exist
na-i ----- not to be present, to be lack of
The pair displays similarities to the Korean counterpart, except that Japanese <nai> itself is the negative morpheme and it might well be a derivative of <ar-a-nai>, which may not be what you are looking for. In fact, the archaic <ar-a-nu> or <ar-a-n> can be seen pervasively in older Japanese.
Hope this helps.
Alan
https://siu.academia.edu/alanhokim
________________________________
From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Harold Koch <Harold.Koch at anu.edu.au>
Sent: Friday, June 1, 2018 9:55 AM
To: Nigel Vincent; Tianqiao Lu; Robert Cloutier; Giorgio Francesco Arcodia; mattis.list
Cc: lingtyp
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?
I believe the English word "let" qualifies.
The legal expression "without let or hindrance" the word "let" continues an old meaning which is the opposite of "let" 'allow'.
Harold
Dr Harold Koch
School of Literature Languages and Linguistics
Australian National University
harold.koch at anu.edu.au
+61 2 6125 3203
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From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Nigel Vincent <nigel.vincent at manchester.ac.uk>
Sent: Friday, 1 June 2018 10:06 PM
To: Tianqiao Lu; Robert Cloutier; Giorgio Francesco Arcodia; mattis.list
Cc: lingtyp
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?
A different kind of English example is the verb 'sanction' which can mean both 'permit' and 'forbid'.
And someone referred to Lepschy on enantiosemy - the full reference and some additional discussion can be found here: https://linguistlist.org/issues/6/6-234.html<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linguistlist.org_issues_6_6-2D234.html&d=DwMFbw&c=jrLYy3FV6j9HoN3FfGW-SLJoSRpiMyAzztY4B1tagEk&r=LeUd4dshHnTaRwWWBvkIjQ&m=fl8lZAOgcG08YfmyiUyEb88lVYkVpHzuaOF0ZbcKXf4&s=sQjpqfbNOU7WkoaePEJWS1i4S7dpbKKZHOzJUZIoej0&e=>
Nigel
Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE
Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics
The University of Manchester
Linguistics & English Language
School of Arts, Languages and Cultures
The University of Manchester
https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html
________________________________
From: Lingtyp [lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org] on behalf of Tianqiao Lu [lutianqiao at maonan.org]
Sent: Friday, June 01, 2018 12:14 PM
To: Robert Cloutier; Giorgio Francesco Arcodia; mattis.list
Cc: lingtyp
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?
Hi, Robert.
Good example. Another example in English: Infamous.
Tianqiao Lu
------------------ Original ------------------
From: "Robert Cloutier"<kankoku at hotmail.com>;
Date: Fri, Jun 1, 2018 06:49 PM
To: "Tianqiao Lu"<lutianqiao at maonan.org>; "Giorgio Francesco Arcodia"<giorgio.arcodia at unimib.it>; "mattis.list"<mattis.list at lingpy.org>;
Cc: "lingtyp"<lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>;
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?
Hello Ian,
You may be able to find some examples by looking up contronym, auto-antonym, or autantonym; most instances have opposite meanings, though not necessarily the clear-cut 'X' versus 'not X' you are looking for.
One example in English that is the result of misanalysis is the word inflammable, which can mean both 'flammable' and 'not flammable'. The former is the original meaning, and the latter is a result of speakers interpreting the in- prefix as negation. Because of this confusion, though, inflammable seems to be less commonly used with the meaning 'flammable'.
Best regards,
Robert Cloutier
Univeristy of Amsterdam
Netherlands
________________________________
From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Tianqiao Lu <lutianqiao at maonan.org>
Sent: Friday, June 1, 2018 4:57:14 AM
To: Giorgio Francesco Arcodia; mattis.list
Cc: lingtyp
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?
Hi Ian.
The following sentences in Mandarin Chinese might imply some bipolar polysemy:
(1) W¨¯ ch¨¤di¨£ner m¨¦i di¨¤o xi¨¤qu
1sg almost not-yet fall down
can either mean:
"I almost fell down" (i.e. I did not fall down)
or
"I almost didn't fall down" (i.e. I did fall down)
(2) W¨¯ ch¨¤di¨£ner m¨¦i g¨¤osu t¨¡.
1sg almost not-yet tell 3sg.
can either mean:
"I almost told him/her" (i.e. I haven't told him/her)
or
"I almost haven't told him/her" (i.e. I did tell him/her)
Hopefully this might help.
Tianqiao Lu
School of Linguistic Sciences
Jiangsu Normal University
China
------------------ Original ------------------
From: "Giorgio Francesco Arcodia"<giorgio.arcodia at unimib.it>;
Date: Thu, May 31, 2018 07:06 PM
To: "mattis.list"<mattis.list at lingpy.org>;
Cc: "lingtyp"<lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>;
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Does bipolar polysemy exist?
I don't know if that counts, but: in Italian, ospite means both 'host' and 'guest'. In a given situation, you can't be both, so, (I guess) in a sense this word can be the negation of itself.
Apologies, semantics is not my forte.
Best,
Giorgio
ñRÕñ‡ø
2018-05-31 13:03 GMT+02:00 Mattis List <mattis.list at lingpy.org<mailto:mattis.list at lingpy.org>>:
Wouldn't the frequent cases of pronouns or pronoun-like words in French
(personne = "person, nobody", pas = "step, not", etc.) come close to
this notion? And this process has historically also be claimed for other
negation words, like Ancient Greek "ou", if I am not mistaken.
Best,
Mattis
On 2018-05-31 12:57, Joo Ian wrote:
> Dear all,
>
>
>
> I would like to know if the following universal claim holds:
>
>
>
> /There exists no lexeme that can mean X and the negation of X. (For
> example, no lexeme can express ¡°to go¡± and ¡°to not go¡±)./
>
>
>
> I wonder if such ¡°bipolar polysemy¡± exists in any lexeme, because I
> cannot think of any, and whether this claim is truly universal.
>
> I would appreciate to know if there is any counter-evidence.
>
>
>
> From Hong Kong,
>
> Ian Joo
>
> http://ianjoo.academia.edu<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__ianjoo.academia.edu&d=DwMFbw&c=jrLYy3FV6j9HoN3FfGW-SLJoSRpiMyAzztY4B1tagEk&r=LeUd4dshHnTaRwWWBvkIjQ&m=fl8lZAOgcG08YfmyiUyEb88lVYkVpHzuaOF0ZbcKXf4&s=uCAJWaXUAvIWn8rWzd0U9B-wskjocipVx3mVjWGvA3A&e=>
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