[Lingtyp] Morpheme or X0 "extraction"

[Martin Haspelmath]

But what is an "X0" element? We'd have to know this in order to test 
Bruening's claim. Note that German "gelungen" is not a single morph (or 
"morpheme"). It is a complex form "ge-lung-en".

There does not seem to be a clear comparative concept "phrase" (vs. 
"non-phrasal element") that one could apply in the same way to all 
languages.

Moreover, what exactly is "extraction"? It is fairly clear when we talk 
about question-word fronting (or relative-pronoun fronting), but 
"topic-fronting" occurs in a wide variety of ways.

So it seems that, as so often, we need better definitions of concepts 
before we can rigorously test universal claims.

Martin

Am 26.08.20 um 14:42 schrieb Adam James Ross Tallman:
> Hey all,
>
> Just to clarify, I'm asking because I'm wondering how frequent 
> apparent counter examples are to Bruening 
> <https://babel.ucsc.edu/~hank/105/Bruening_2018.pdf>'s claim that X0 
> elements cannot be extracted.
>
> Adam
>
> On Wed, Aug 26, 2020 at 1:49 PM Adam James Ross Tallman 
> <ajrtallman at utexas.edu <mailto:ajrtallman at utexas.edu>> wrote:
>
>     Hello all,
>
>     I am wondering if anyone has found examples where single morphemes
>     can extract to first position. It is well-known that German can do
>     this as in
>
>     /Gelungen ist hier selten wem was auf anhieb/
>     succeeded is here rarely somebody.DAT something.NOM on first.attempt
>     'that it was rarely the case that somebody succeeded in doing
>     something here on the first attempt'
>
>     For some reason the full VP cannot extract (/*Wem gelunden ist
>     hier selten was auf anhieb/). You can modify the fronted verb with
>     an adverb /so gut /and apparently its grammatical (Bruening 2018)
>
>     In Chácobo one can "extract" individual adverbial elements, but as
>     far as I can tell only one of these elements can be "extracted" at
>     a time.
>
>     /tsaya=yama=kɨ/
>     see=neg=dec:past
>     /*yama* tsaya=kɨ/
>     *neg*   see=dec:past
>     's/he didn't see it.'
>
>     I wonder if there are cases like Chacobo or like German except
>     where the verb cannot be modified by some element that is also
>     fronted. Just instances of apparently non-phrasal (word, root or
>     stem) extraction would also be interesting.
>
>     p.s. I don't exactly know what extraction means all the time. In
>     particular I'm not sure on what basis we can always assume that
>     one sentence is derived from the other. For instance, in Chacobo I
>     don't know on what basis I would assume that the verb is not in
>     fact undergoing rightward extraction.
>
>     best,
>
>     Adam
>
>
>
>     -- 
>     Adam J.R. Tallman
>     PhD, University of Texas at Austin
>     Investigador del Museo de Etnografía y Folklore, la Paz
>     ELDP -- Postdoctorante
>     CNRS -- Dynamique Du Langage (UMR 5596)
>
>
>
> -- 
> Adam J.R. Tallman
> PhD, University of Texas at Austin
> Investigador del Museo de Etnografía y Folklore, la Paz
> ELDP -- Postdoctorante
> CNRS -- Dynamique Du Langage (UMR 5596)
>
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-- 
Martin Haspelmath (haspelmath at shh.mpg.de)
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6
D-04103 Leipzig
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig

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