[Lingtyp] "Double reflexive" constructions

[Guillaume Segerer]

In Joola (Atlantic, Niger-Congo ; spoken in southern Senegal), the 
reflexive suffix is -ooro. It may be regarded as formed with -oor 
'reciprocal' + -o 'middle'. The three are fully productive. I am not 
sure that the speakers consider -ooro as composed of -oor + -o, though.

Hope this helps

Guillaume


Le 08/12/2021 à 18:15, Riccardo Giomi a écrit :
> Dear typologists,
>
> I am looking for languages in which, with some predicates at least, 
> unambiguous expression of reflexivity is only attained by combining 
> two separate markers. Typically, the elements participating in such 
> "double-reflexive" constructions (quotes needed) belong to one of the 
> following, broadly-defined classes:
>
> - a valency-decreasing "middle" marker / intransitivizer (usually, 
> though not necessarily a bound morpheme);
>
> - a reflexive, personal or logophoric pronoun;
>
> - a so-called reflexive intensifier, i.e. an element that functions 
> like English reflexive pronouns in appositional or adverbial position 
> (e.g. /I myself swept the ground / I swept the ground myself/).
>
> Below are a few examples of possible combinations of such elements (I 
> have harmonized the glosses used by the various authors):
>
> Intransitivizer + reflexive pronoun: Kuuk Thaayorre
> immagine.png
>
> Intransitivizer + personal pronoun: Hmwaveke
> immagine.png
>
> Intransitivizer + intensifier (attached to the (subject) nominal and 
> glossed 'SELF'): Dyirbal
> immagine.png
>
> Intransitivizer + intensifier (attached to the verb): Mezquital Otomí
> immagine.png
>
> (Gast & Siemund 2006: 368. The authors also give an example in which 
> the intensifier takes the longer form /sε̌hε̒/and occurs as an unbound 
> adverb-like element.)
>
>
> Intensifier (marked ergative, in apposition to the (subject) nominal) 
> + personal/logophoric pronoun (marked absolutive) : Tsakhur
> immagine.png
>
> If any of you is aware of a language in which "double marking" of 
> reflexivity is the only option, that would be especially helpful; but, 
> more generally, I am interested in all such constructions -- or 
> possibly other, comparable ones which I may be leaving out of the 
> picture. (Please don't bother signalling Germanic or Romance data like 
> German /sich + selbst/ or Spanish /si + a si mismo/ -- I am already 
> taking those into account.)
>
> Many thanks in advance, best wishes,
> Riccardo
>
> References
> Dik, Simon C. 1983. The Status of verbal reflexives. In Liliane 
> Tasmowski & Dominique Willems (eds.), /Problems in syntax/, 231–255. 
> New York & London: Plenum Press.
> Gaby, Alice. 2006. /A grammar of Kuuk Thaayorre./ Melbourne: 
> University of Melbourne dissertation.
> Gast, Volker & Peter Siemund. 2006. Rethinking the relationship 
> between SELF-intensifiers and reflexives". /Linguistics/ 44(2), 343-381.
> Lyutikova, Ekaterina A. 2000. Reflexives and emphasis in Tsaxur 
> (Nakh-Dagestanian). In Z. Frajzyngier and T. Curl (eds.), /Reflexives: 
> Forms and Functions, /227-255. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
> Moyse-Faurie, Claire. 2008. Constructions expressing middle, reflexive 
> and reciprocal situations in some Oceanic languages. In Ekkehard König 
> & Volker Gast (eds.), /Reciprocals/ /and reflexives: Theoretical and 
> typological explorations/, 105–168. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
>
> -- 
> Riccardo Giomi, Ph.D.
> University of Liège
> Département de langues modernes : linguistique, littérature et traduction
> Research group /Linguistique contrastive et typologie des langues/
> F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral fellow (CR - FC 43095)
>
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-- 
*Guillaume Segerer*
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