[Lingtyp] Term for “non-pronominal anaphora"
Don Killian
donald.killian at helsinki.fi
Thu Jun 3 11:21:19 UTC 2021
I have an article recently published on predicative demonstratives
(https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/lingty-2021-2078/html
for those interested), and I use both exophoric and endophoric regularly
there. Oddly enough, I hadn't actually realized that anaphoric could
even have the more generalized use until a friend had pointed it out in
some earlier comments.
Volker's taxonomy of exophoric vs. (endophoric (anaphoric vs. cataphoric
)) is precisely the same one I was familiar with and use.
Perhaps it's just a matter of what area of linguistics you're dealing
with more regularly? Being able to differentiate cataphoric reference
from anaphoric reference is very important when working on demonstratives.
Best,
Don
On 6/3/21 1:11 PM, Françoise Rose wrote:
> Personally, I see the term “endophoric” very regularly (I’ve been
> working on demonstratives and classifiers lately). Instead of spending
> energy on developing a new term, why not simply use the existing one
> that does not raise any problem ? The simple facts that people on this
> list (especially those publishing typological papers) use it would very
> likely enhance its use.
>
> I am in general a bit resistant about any type of committee (or
> discussion list) that would decide what everyone else has to do. But
> this kind of inclination towards prescriptivism or active linguistic
> policy is actually funny to observe among linguists!
>
> *De :*Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> *De la part
> de* Martin Haspelmath
> *Envoyé :* jeudi 3 juin 2021 11:49
> *À :* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> *Objet :* Re: [Lingtyp] Term for “non-pronominal anaphora"
>
> Thanks to Randy LaPolla, Volker Gast and Christian Lehmann for pointing
> to Halliday & Hasan's term "endophoric"!
>
> Unfortunately, this term has not caught on in general, and in practice,
> the term "anaphoric" is widely used as a cover term for "cataphoric" and
> "epanaphoric" (e.g. in Huang's 2000 overview book "Anaphora"). I did a
> Twitter poll which confimed my hunch:
>
> "What's the best cover term for "anaphoric" (backward-looking) and
> "cataphoric" (forward-looking)?
>
> (A) phoric (35%)
> (B) endophoric (22%)
> (C) anaphoric (taken broadly) (43%)"
>
> (See https://twitter.com/haspelmath/status/1400034485941460994)
>
> Thus, "endophoric" is preferred only by a minority, and most people
> think that "anaphoric" can be used as a cover term for both – hence it
> seems best to use a new term ("epanaphoric") for the complement of
> "cataphoric".
>
> Best,
> Martin
>
> Am 01.06.21 um 20:31 schrieb Volker Gast:
>
> Hi Martin,
> I'm not sure if we need a standardization committee here. Our
> students grow up with the terminology established by M.A.K Halliday,
> who distinguishes between 'endophoric' and 'exophoric' reference.
> 'Endophoric' reference can be 'anaphoric' or 'cataphoric'. I'm not
> aware of the use of 'anaphoric' as 'forward-looking' (as this would
> be 'cataphoric' imho). And I agree with everyone who thinks that
> anaphor(a) do(es) not have to imply pronouns (that would be a matter
> of 'substitution', in Halliday's terms). What's wrong with the taxonomy
>
> exophoric vs. (endophoric (anaphoric vs. cataphoric ))
>
> ?
>
> (And wouldn't 'ep(i)-ana-phoric' be redundant in this context? Isn't
> 'anaphoric' originally '[carry] up[stream]', hence 'backward'?)
>
> Best,
> Volker
>
> On 31/05/2021 10:56, Martin Haspelmath wrote:
>
> Paolo's mention of the term pair "anaphora/cataphora" brings up
> a frequent issue in terminology: When a new and relatively short
> term (like "cataphora") is coined to refer to a special case,
> then it is not clear whether the old term (here "anaphora")
> refers to the general case or to the complement of the special case.
>
> Unfortunately, "anaphora" has thus become ambiguous: (i) it
> refers to backward-looking and forward-looking discourse
> reference relations; (ii) it refers only to backward-looking
> relations.
>
> It would be good to have a standardization committee that
> resolves this problem, because it seems that the discipline will
> otherwise be stuck with ambiguity of a key term. (Personally, I
> would prefer to use "anaphora" in the general sense, and to have
> a new term, e.g. "epanaphora", for backward-looking relations;
> cf. Greek κάτω 'down', επάνω 'up'. But this would be for a
> committee to decide.)
>
> Best,
> Martin
>
> Am 30.05.21 um 19:37 schrieb paolo Ramat:
>
> I agree with Bill: "anaphora" does not refer only to
> "pronouns" or "pro-forms". In a sentence such as /The jury
> found him guilty and the verdict shocked him deeply/ 'the
> verdict' refers anaphorically (= looking backwards) to what
> has been said in the first coordinated sentence. On the
> contrary, /The verdict of the jury was: he is guilty /. 'the
> verdict' is in cataphoric (=looking forwards) position.
>
> I think that if we consider anaphora and cataphora together,
> we can get a better understanding of both.
>
> Paolo
>
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>
>
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>
> Il giorno dom 30 mag 2021 alle ore 15:48 William Croft
> <wcroft at unm.edu <mailto:wcroft at unm.edu>> ha scritto:
>
> Dear all,
>
> I find the definition of "anaphora" implied in Ian's
> post to presuppose a theory of anaphora that not
> everyone, certainly not myself, agrees with. Namely,
> that anaphora only happens across sentences, and/or the
> only strategy for anaphora are "pronouns" or
> "pro-forms". Both of these assumptions have been
> debated, and there are different theories; see Croft
> (2013) and references cited therein. I think "anaphora"
> as a comparative concept should be defined more broadly
> -- as I think it generally is -- to accommodate
> different theories about the possible form of anaphoric
> expressions, and their possible distribution.
>
> Bill
>
> Croft, William. 2013. “Agreement as anaphora, anaphora
> as coreference.” /Languages across boundaries: studies
> in memory of Anna Siewierska/, ed. Dik Bakker and Martin
> Haspelmath, 107-29. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> *From:*Lingtyp
> <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org
> <mailto:lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org>> on
> behalf of JOO, Ian [Student] <ian.joo at connect.polyu.hk
> <mailto:ian.joo at connect.polyu.hk>>
> *Sent:* Sunday, May 30, 2021 1:54 AM
> *To:* LINGTYP <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> <mailto:lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>>
> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Term for “non-pronominal anaphora"
>
> * [EXTERNAL]*
>
> Dear all,
>
> thank you for your guidance.
> I think the closest form is “lexical/nominal anaphora”
> but given the examples I’ve read so far, it seems that
> they are different from the lexical repetition within a
> clause.
> For example, in the following sentence, “the guy” refers
> to John, but it’s not in the same clause as “John”:
> “I know John_i. The guy_i has a dog.”
> But in the following Korean, the two occurences of
> “John” are within the same clause:
> “John_i-kwa John_i-uy kay" (lit. John_i and John_i’s dog)
> So I think the the within-clause repetition and
> cross-clause repetition must be distinguished.
> Also I agree with Martin’s initial suggestion that this
> Korean case shouldn’t be termed as “anaphora” because it
> really isn’t anaphoric reference. It’s just the repeated
> occurrence of the same lexeme where you would expect
> anaphora in an European language, so to call it anaphora
> might be a little Euro-centric.
>
>
> From Hong Kong,
>
> Ian
>
> On 27 May 2021, 11:41 PM +0800, Christian Chiarcos
> <christian.chiarcos at web.de
> <mailto:christian.chiarcos at web.de>>, wrote:
>
> Depends on the context, I guess. In the area of
> *anaphor resolution* and *linguistic annotation*,
> "nominal anaphora" is much more established.
> "Lexical anaphora" is potentially ambiguous, because
> it would also cover or at least overlap with "verbal
> anaphora", a term occasionally used for "do so"
> constructions and/or verb repetitions.
>
> Best,
>
> Christian
>
> Am Fr., 21. Mai 2021 um 08:00 Uhr schrieb JOO, Ian
> [Student] <ian.joo at connect.polyu.hk
> <mailto:ian.joo at connect.polyu.hk>>:
>
> Dear all,
>
> is there a term for “non-pronominal anaphora”,
> i. e. using personal names or titles for
> anaphoric reference?
> Example:
>
> Hyeng-kwa hyeng-uy chinkwu
>
> older.brother-COM older.brother-GEN friend
>
> `Older brother and his (lit. older
> brother’s) friend’ (Korean)
>
> I tried to search it in Google, but since I
> don’t know what this phenomenon is called, I
> don’t know what to search for.
> I would appreciate your help.
>
>
> Regards,
>
> ian
>
>
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> --
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> Martin Haspelmath
>
> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
>
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> Martin Haspelmath
>
> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
>
> Deutscher Platz 6
>
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>
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--
Don Killian
Researcher in Linguistics
Department of Languages
PL 24 (Unioninkatu 38 B)
FI-00014 University of Helsinki
+358 (0)44 5016437
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