[Lingtyp] Fwd: Uncertainty over the use of the term "vocativ e" in this instance

[Irina Nikolaeva]

Vocatives are encoded in the same way as exclamatives ( > possibly also
miratives/evidentials etc.) in some languages. So I would term this
'exclamative'.

Irina Nikolaeva



On Tue, 11 May 2021 at 08:52, fcosw5 <fcosw5 at scu.edu.tw> wrote:

> There seems to be a somewhat similar element in at least Mandarin
> Chinese.  I've noticed that the suffix (?) -a tends to be attached to
> various words -- not only nouns, but e.g. adverbs (`dui-a' = `that's
> right!') -- apparently to highlight them.
>
> (I have sometimes wondered if this usage is more prevalent in women's
> speech than in men's.)
>
> Best,
> Steven
>
> -----Original message-----
> *From:*Gilles Authier<gilles.authier at gmail.com>
> *To:*Arnold M. Zwicky<zwicky at stanford.edu>
> *Cc:*Linguistic Linguistic Typology<lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> *Date: * Tue, 11 May 2021 12:32:45
> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Fwd: Uncertainty over the use of the term
> "vocative" in this instance
> Hi,
>
> A similarly ambiguous morph is found in Georgian:
>
> - vocative 'case' -o
>
> - clause final quotative =o
>
> GA
>
> On Tue, May 11, 2021 at 1:06 AM Arnold M. Zwicky <zwicky at stanford.edu>
> wrote:
>
>> meant to go to the list, not just to Thomas Diaz:
>>
>> Begin forwarded message:
>>
>> *From: *Arnold Zwicky <zwicky at stanford.edu>
>> *Subject: **Re: [Lingtyp] Uncertainty over the use of the term
>> "vocative" in this instance*
>> *Date: *May 10, 2021 at 1:30:25 PM PDT
>> *To: *Thomas Diaz <tsdiaz at buffalo.edu>
>>
>>
>>
>> On May 10, 2021, at 11:11 AM, Thomas Diaz <tsdiaz at buffalo.edu> wrote:
>>
>> Hello all,
>>
>> I am writing a grammatical description of a language called Heyo, a
>> Torricelli language spoken in northwestern Papua New Guinea, for my
>> dissertation. I have come across a clitic =o that I am not sure what to
>> call. I am currently calling/glossing it as a vocative, as it can serve a
>> vocative function as in the two following examples.
>>
>> boi=o!
>> boy=VOC
>> 'hey, boy!'
>>
>> Tawaks=o!
>> tawaks=VOC
>> 'hey, Tawaks!'
>>
>>
>> Not just a vocative function, but one of the two types of vocative
>> function: it's a call, rather than an address. These are the terms from my
>> article "Hey, Whatsyourname!" in CLS 10 (1974), available on-line in
>> https://web.stanford.edu/~zwicky/hey-whatsyourname.pdf
>>
>> (The distinction is made by Schegloff 1968, under the names "summons" vs.
>> "term of address".)
>>
>> From my 1974 paper: Calls are designed to catch the addressee's
>> attention, addresses to maintain or emphasze the contact between speaker
>> and addressee.`
>>
>> But this doesn't speak to your larger problem, namely how to classify,
>> characterize the meaning/function of, and name the clitic =o! You seem to
>> be assuming that it is (basically, in some sense of "basically") an
>> adnominal clitic with call function, but can be used attached to verbs (or,
>> perhaps, attached sentence-finally, or clause-finally) with some related
>> function. But maybe it should be treated as a sentence-final clitic with an
>> attention-getting function ('listen to this!'). Or other imaginable
>> possibilites (even that there are two homophonous clitics here, related
>> only historically). All that's for you to work out.
>>
>> Arnold
>>
>>
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