[Lingtyp] Pronouns for socially deictic 'The Powerful Other'

[tangzhengda]

Dear Ian,


Thank you for the question, here's the example agian,
我把這東西送給人家。
Wo ba zhe dongxi song gei renjia
1SG ACC this thing send BEN someone


"我把這東西送給人家" will fail to be felicitous IF it not in a context such that renjia is the justified receiver, beneficiary, or lawful creditor. 
That is why '*我真想给人家一个耳光 ( i want to give renjia one slap on the face)' is totally absurd.
That is why '你必须给人家道歉(you must apologize to renjia)' is good and '人家必须给你道歉(Renjia must apologize to you)' is bad.
Renjia is never subject to any duty, obligation, necessary condition, submission.

















--

唐正大
中国社会科学院语言研究所《中国语文》编辑部
北京市建国门内大街5号，100732


Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,
No.5 Jianguomennei Dajie, Beijing, China; 100732




在 2022-07-05 11:06:39，"JOO, Ian [Student]" <ian.joo at connect.polyu.hk> 写道：

Dear Zhengda,


I never had the impression that renja had some power connotation - could you provide an example?


For example,


我把這東西送給人家。
Wo ba zhe dongxi song gei renjia
1SG ACC this thing send BEN someone
‘I will give this to someone.’


In this phrase renjia simply means ‘someone’, with no connotation to power.


Regards,
Ian


05.07.2022 12:03, tangzhengda <tangzhengda at 126.com> 작성:



Dear typologists,


Chinese has a commonly used pronoun renjia （人家，people-home）, roughly referring to a third party in dialogues.  Elusive as it may be, this socially deictic pronoun is used on the condition that the renjia-referring person takes a priority over (e.g. taller, richer, more dominant, or more justified than) a reference party involved in a certain state or event, be it addressor, addressee, or other third parties. 


It means that once renjia is used, the main clause predicate somewhere is obliged to ensure that renjia takes the priority, which constitutes a special case of 'agreement' in some sense. 


Brown and Gilman (1960)'s Solidarity and Power indices prove powerful in explaining T-V divisions. Renjia is special in its third-party denotation. 


May I have the honor of your remindings of some similar terms for the 'Powerful, Autonomous Other' in other languages, or some literature.


Many thanks,


Zhengda




















--

唐正大
中国社会科学院语言研究所《中国语文》编辑部
北京市建国门内大街5号，100732


Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,
No.5 Jianguomennei Dajie, Beijing, China; 100732
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