[Lingtyp] allophony of [h] and [ɸ], revised version [discard preceding version]

[Ian Maddieson]

Just a note on the vowel chart here — formant measurements in Verhoeven (2011) indicate that
the two vowels labeled here (and by her) as back unrounded are in fact central vowels (as is the
case for the great majority of vowels written with <a> in the world’s languages).

Ian

> On May 20, 2023, at 01:31, Christian Lehmann <christian.lehmann at UNI-ERFURT.DE> wrote:
> 
> Dear all,
> 
> many thanks for your helpful answers so far. For additional clarification, here are the Cabecar phoneme inventories:
>  Oral vowel phonemes in strong syllables
> 
> 
> front
> 
> back
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> unrounded
> 
> rounded
> 
> high
> 
> i
> 
> 
> 
> u
> 
> half-high
> 
> ɪ
> 
> ɤ
> 
> ʊ
> 
> half-low
> 
> ɛ
> 
> 
> 
> ɔ
> 
> low
> 
> 
> 
> a
> 
> 
> 
> Plus nasal vowels.
> 
> 
>  Consonantal phonemes
> articulation    place
> 
> mode
> 
> bilabial
> 
> dental
> 
> palatal
> 
> velar
> 
> glottal
> 
> stop
> 
> voiceless
> 
> plain
> 
> p
> 
> t
> 
> 
> 
> k
> 
> 
> 
> aspirated
> 
> pʰ
> 
> tʰ
> 
> 
> 
> kʰ
> 
> 
> 
> voiced
> 
> 
> 
> b
> 
> d
> 
> ɟ
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> fricative
> 
> 
> 
> s
> 
> ʃ
> 
> 
> 
> h
> 
> liquid
> 
> 
> 
> ɺ
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> As may be seen, there is plenty of bilabial stops, but no labial fricatives; there is no [f] even at the phonetic level.
> 
> While the change from [p] via [ɸ] to [h] seems to be the solution for the Japanese and Cariban facts, the Cabecar system would not seem to encourage positing it for this language.
> 
> The details of the alternation of [h] ~ [ɸ] remain to be ascertained. At any rate, there is free variation [h] ~ [x] (or maybe [χ]).
> 
> I am aware that [u] [ɯ] and [ɸ] share a bilabial articulation - although this would require qualification for [ɯ]. However, I have never seen a phonological feature [bilabial]. Maybe I must revive Jakobson's [flat]. Or is all of this old-fashioned thinking?
> 
> Greetings, Christian
> -- 
> Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann
> Rudolfstr. 4
> 99092 Erfurt
> Deutschland
> 
> Tel.:	+49/361/2113417
> E-Post:	christianw_lehmann at arcor.de <mailto:christianw_lehmann at arcor.de>
> Web:	https://www.christianlehmann.eu <https://www.christianlehmann.eu/>
Ian Maddieson

Department of Linguistics
University of New Mexico
MSC03-2130
Albuquerque NM 87131-0001




-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lingtyp/attachments/20230520/3e8f5713/attachment.htm>