[Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"

Thu Jul 11 18:26:28 UTC 2024

Hi again Mira,
A more exact natural example of what you are talking about was used by Larry Horn teaching Pragmatics many years ago: At an LSA conference someone got ill, so one person got up on stage and asked the attendees “Is there a doctor in the house?” and half the audience raised their hands. The person then said, “No, a doctor doctor!”

Randy

> On 10 Jul 2024, at 8:55 PM, Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il> wrote:
> 
> Dear Nigel,
> 
> Yes, this is the trajectory Bardenstein and Ariel talk about. Better think of “a cookie cookie”. That can have both prototypical and intensified meanings.
> Mira
> Sent from my iPhone
> 
>> On 10 Jul 2024, at 15:40, Nigel Vincent via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>> 
>> 
>> Interesting - I'd have interpreted that ad to mean not 'central/prototype' but something more evaluative: 'the best you can get' or words to that effect. The picture doesn't look like what I would consider a prototype cookie (or biscuit, as I would say!).
>> Nigel
>> 
>> 
>> Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE
>> Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics
>> The University of Manchester
>> 
>> Linguistics & English Language
>> School of Arts, Languages and Cultures
>> The University of Manchester
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html
>> From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Randy LaPolla via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>> Sent: 10 July 2024 2:23 PM
>> To: <LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org> <LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"
>>  
>> Mira’s message reminded me of an English example where repetition narrows the term to central/prototype inferences:
>> 
>> <image.png>
>> 
>> In case the image doesn’t come out, it is the tag line on Pepperidge Farms’ Captiva cookie:
>> “If you’re going to have a cookie, have a cookie”
>> 
>> Randy
>> 
>>> On Jul 10, 2024, at 15:42, Mira Ariel via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>>> 
>>> 
>>> Dear Francesca and others,
>>> 
>>> I'm curious to know if these prototypicalization morphemes sometimes evolve an intensifying function later. 
>>> 
>>> Bardenstein and I have a paper  in Studies in Language  46:2 (2022), where we trace the evolution of a number of intensifiers. Lo and behold, they evolve from expressions which narrow the application of the term to its central/prototpycal instances. Later on this narrower may evolve an intensifying function. We only discuss independent modifiers, but reduplication, even morphological one, can indicate intensification:
>>> 
>>> Hebrew:
>>> 
>>> Yafe        yafe                          
>>> Beautiful   beautiful                       
>>> 'Central concept of beautiful (not 'more or less beautiful')'/'Very beautiful'        
>>> 
>>> Yefe.fe (lexical reduplication)                 
>>> 'Very beautiful'                             
>>> 
>>> Best,
>>> Mira (Ariel)
>>> From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Riccardo Giomi via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>> Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2024 9:07 PM
>>> To: lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"
>>>  
>>> Dear Francesca (and all),
>>> 
>>> Leti (Austronesian) has an "exactness" marker -- which again, actually appears to be a clitic, but anyway:
>>> 
>>> a.    N-tivl=e.                b.   N-tivla.
>>>            3.SG-flap=EXCT              3.SG-flap
>>>            ‘It flaps.’                     ‘It sort of flaps.’
>>>    
>>>   (2) a.    vuar=lalavn=e            b.   vuar=lalavn
>>>           big=mountain=EXCT           big=mountain
>>>           ‘a big mountain’               ‘a sort of a big mountain’
>>> 
>>> van Engelenhoven, Aone, 2004. Leti, a Language of Southwest Maluku (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 211). KITLV Press, Leiden.
>>> 
>>> Best wishes,
>>> Riccardo
>>> 
>>> Riccardo Giomi
>>> Assistant Professor of Functional Linguistics
>>> University of Amsterdam
>>> Faculty of Humanities: Department of Linguistics
>>> Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
>>> From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>> Sent: 09 July 2024 19:44
>>> To: lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"
>>>  
>>> Dear Francesca,
>>> 
>>> Cabecar (Chibchan) has a a formative sí̱ with a twofold distribution:
>>> 
>>> a) As a derivational suffix on nouns, it means 'authentic', 'prototypical':
>>> a. chíchi-sí̱
>>> 
>>> dog-auth
>>> 
>>>             ‘authentic dog’
>>> 
>>> b. ju-sí̱
>>> 
>>> house-auth
>>> 
>>>             ‘authentic/real/legitimate house (i.e. traditional Cabecar house)’
>>> 
>>> b) As an enclitic on adjectives, it means 'comparatively':
>>> a. báá=sí̱
>>> 
>>> nice=cmpr
>>> 
>>>             ‘comparatively/truly nice’
>>> 
>>> b. daláá=sí̱
>>> 
>>> yellow=cmpr
>>> 
>>>             ‘genuinely yellow’
>>> 
>>> It fulfills this latter function in comparative constructions, too.
>>> 
>>> Best, Christian
>>> 
>>> --
>>> Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann
>>> Rudolfstr. 4
>>> 99092 Erfurt
>>> Deutschland
>>> 
>>> Tel.:	+49/361/2113417
>>> E-Post:	christianw_lehmann at arcor.de <mailto:christianw_lehmann at arcor.de>
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