[Lingtyp] Apprehensive modality

Thu Sep 19 13:25:55 UTC 2024

Dear all,

Indeed, the domain of apprehensive (~ apprehensional) modality has lately
been the object of much research in linguistic typology.
It is, in particular, the object of an upcoming volume:

   - Marine Vuillermet, Eva Schultze-Berndt & Martina Faller (eds) (f/c) *A
   typology of apprehensives*.
   Studies in Diversity Linguistics. Language Science Press.

Let me put together a few references about apprehensive modality (among
many).  I've tried to find links for all of them:

   - Angelo, Denise & Eva Schultze-Berndt. 2016. Beware bambai – lest it be
   apprehensive. In F. Meakins & C. O’Shannessy (eds.), *Loss and Renewal:
   Australian languages since colonisation*, 255–296. Berlin: Mouton de
   Gruyter. [online <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297503377>]
   - Daniel, Michael & Nina Dobrushina (f/c). Apprehensives in East
   Caucasian. In Vuillermet, Schultze-Berndt & Faller (eds).
   - Dobrushina, Nina. 2006. Грамматические формы и конструкции со
   значением опасения и предостережения [Grammatical forms and constructions
   with the meaning of fear and caution]. *Вопросы** языкознания* (Voprosy
   jazykoznanija) (2). 28–67. [online
   <https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9245205>]
   - Faller, Martina & Eva Schultze-Berndt. 2018. Introduction to the
   workshop “The semantics and pragmatics of apprehensive markers in a
   cross-linguistic perspective". In *51st Annual Meeting of the Societas
   Linguistica Europaea*. Tallin, Estonia. [abstract
   <https://societaslinguistica.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SLE-2018-Book-of-abstracts.pdf#page=540>
   ]
   - François, Alexandre. 2003. *La sémantique du prédicat en mwotlap
   (Vanuatu)* (Collection Linguistique de La Société de Linguistique de
   Paris, 84). Paris, Louvain: Peeters. [online
   <http://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_books_e.htm#:~:text=La%20S%C3%A9mantique%20du%20Pr%C3%A9dicat%20en%20Mwotlap>]
   (→pp.301-312
   <https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_Mwotlap-Predicat_2003_SLP.pdf#page=321>,
   chapter “L'évitatif”)
   - François, Alexandre. (f/c) Explicit apprehensions, implicit
   instructions: An indirect speech act in the grammar. In Vuillermet,
   Schultze-Berndt & Faller (eds). [preprint
   <http://alex.francois.online.fr/AFpub_articles_e.htm#fcd>]
   - Lichtenberk, Frantisek. 1995. Apprehensional epistemics. In Joan Bybee
   & Suzanne Fleischmann (eds.), *Modality in Grammar and Discourse*
   (Typological Studies in Language 32), 293–327. Amsterdam: Benjamins. [
   online <https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.32.12lic>]
   - Pakendorf, Brigitte & Ewa Schalley. 2007. From possibility to
   prohibition: A rare grammaticalization pathway. *Linguistic Typology*
   11(3). [online
   <https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/LINGTY.2007.032/html?lang=en>
   ]
   - Schultze-Berndt, Eva. 2024. Risking a new classification of
   possibility modals: The role of apprehensives. Presidential address, SLE
   Annual Meeting. Helsinki, Aug 2024. [online
   <https://www.academia.edu/123332263>]
   - Smith-Dennis, Ellen. 2021. Don’t feel obligated, lest it be
   undesirable: the relationship between prohibitives and apprehensives in
   Papapana and beyond. *Linguistic Typology* 25(3). 413–459. [online
   <https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/lingty-2020-2070/html?lang=en>
   ]
   - Vuillermet, Marine. 2017. Questionnaire on apprehensional morphology.
   Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage, Lyon, France, ms. [online
   <http://tulquest.huma-num.fr/fr/node/135>].
   - Vuillermet, Marine. 2018. Grammatical fear morphemes in Ese Ejja:
   Making the case for a morphosemantic apprehensional domain. *Studies in
   Language* 42(1). 256–293. [online <https://www.academia.edu/34905046/>]
   - Vuillermet, Marine, Eva Schultze-Berndt & Martina Faller. (f/c)
   Apprehensional constructions in a cross-linguistic perspective. In
   Vuillermet, Schultze-Berndt & Faller (eds).
   - Vuillermet, Marine, Eva Schultze-Berndt & Martina Faller (eds). (f/c) *A
   typology of apprehensives*. Studies in Diversity Linguistics. Language
   Science Press.

It does seem that the *sa-* morpheme found by Cat in in Dalkalaen could
indeed be labelled an apprehensive.

best
Alex
------------------------------

Alex François
LaTTiCe <http://www.lattice.cnrs.fr/en/alexandre-francois/> — CNRS–
<https://www.cnrs.fr/en>ENS
<https://www.ens.fr/laboratoire/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-et-cognition-umr-8094>
–PSL <https://www.psl.eu/en>–Sorbonne nouvelle
<http://www.univ-paris3.fr/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-cognition-umr-8094-3458.kjsp>
Australian National University
<https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/francois-a>
Personal homepage <http://alex.francois.online.fr/>
_________________________________________

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Hanno Beck via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Sept 2024 at 14:13
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Lingtyp Digest, Vol 120, Issue 12
To: lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>

Dear Friends,

Just a small followup to Christian's remark that maybe /sa-/ could be
characterized as 'apprehensive.' Scott AnderBois and colleagues (Brown
University) have recent and current research running on what they call
"apprehensive modality" -- it is quite interesting and almost certainly
relevant here.

In an undergraduate class that I teach, we spent an entire pleasant day
playing around with the closest equivalent thing in English, which seems to
be the word "lest."

Never a dull moment.

Hanno

=====================
Dr. Hanno T. Beck
Department of Linguistics
The University at Buffalo

------------------------------

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Sept 2024 at 16:50
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Please help me label two Dalkalaen (Oceanic) TAM
markers
To: <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>

Dear Cat,

given function #d of *ga-*, it seems to be a universal subordinator; and
this function would include #a - #c. In the interlinear gloss, just
abbreviate it by SR.

It seems that you will have to both define a concept and coin a term for
*sa-*. Something like 'apprehensive' might suit it.

Best,
Christian

Dear Lingtyp community,

I'm trying to understand the function and relationship of two morphemes in
Dalkalaen (Oceanic). I'm not sure they're prefixes, but for now, let's
assume they are. They both occupy the same slot in the prefixal template of
verbs, namely the outermost one.

1.: ga-
As far as I can tell, this prefix serves four functions:
a) specific temporal co-/subordination, e.g. GA-go "when they went (to
place x, event y happened)"
b) general temporal/conditional co-/subordination, e.g. GA-chirp "when [a
kingfisher] chirps (under circumstances x, then that means y)"
c) final/purposive subordination, e.g. GA-make "(x got ready) to make (food
item y)", ga-GO "(x got up) to go (to the restroom)"
d) a kind of general complementation, e.g. we want GA-x "we want that x
happens"

2.: sa-
This one never occurs on its own, but always in combination with
a) the potential marker (which refers to future possibilities,
prospectives, hortatives), in which case the combo seems to refer to an
undesirable prospective, e.g. SA-POT-eat "this fire could/will consume me
[if I don't get out of here]". This combo is pretty rare.
b) the negative potential marker, which in fact can't occur without sa-.
This combo refers to warnings and prohibitives, e.g. SA-NEG.POT-fall
"(watch out so you) don't fall!", but also to more generally negated future
possibilities, e.g. SA-NEG.POT-hurt "we're not going to / don't want to
hurt you".

Ga- also often occurs with other TMA markers, including the potential
marker, but I haven't been able to identify any kind of transparent pattern
as to what exactly those markers contribute in those contexts; they seem to
be kind of optional and interchangeable.

So my question is basically: How would you label these two markers?

Please send ANY kind of idea, literature recommendation etc. etc. etc. my
way. Thank you, and I hope you have a nice week.

Warmest,
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