LL-L "Language contacts" 2003.09.09 (06) [E]

[Lowlands-L]

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L O W L A N D S - L * 09.SEP.2003 (06) * ISSN 189-5582 * LCSN 96-4226
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A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian B=Brabantish D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian
L=Limburgish LS=Lowlands Saxon (Low German) N=Northumbrian
S=Scots Sh=Shetlandic V=(West)Flemish Z=Zeelandic (Zeêuws)
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From: Kenneth Rohde Christiansen <kenneth at gnu.org>
Subject: Assistance

Hello,

I would like to know if someone of you would know the answer to these
questions.

Why does Jutish often have å (oa-sound) where Colloquial Danish has a.
My speculations are that they used to be long in these words. Most å's
in Danish was originally long a's. Maybe we had long a's in Jutish than
in Danish.

example: a hår (jeg har - I have)

had is also haar/hoar [?] in Low Saxon - can this be Low Saxon
influence?

Another question.

Why is æ (like the German ä sound) used in Jutish instead of -en/-et as
in Danish.

example:
æ mand (manden - the man)
æ huks (huset - the house)

Was this earlier "de/dæ/thæ/the"? and is it a Low Saxon loan, or Frisian
loan - today they use "ä" (I have seen that in texts at least) for the
same thing in Northern Frisian

I hope someone of you can be of assistance,

Cheers, Kenneth

--
Kenneth Rohde Christiansen <kenneth at gnu.org>

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From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Language contacts

Hi, Kenneth!

I think it is in most cases quite safe to assume that special features in
Jutish (especially Southern Jutish) and the Lowlands Saxon (Low German)
dialects of the northernmost range are due to mutual influences, that
between them they represent something like a bridge between Northern
Germanic and Western Germanic.

One of the Scandinavian influences of the Schleswig dialects of LS seems to
be the proliferation of the plural suffix _-er_.  This suffix is used in
other dialects as well, but not to that extent.

> had is also haar/hoar [?] in Low Saxon - can this be Low Saxon
> influence?

I'm not sure.  The sequence /ar/ (with a short vowel) within the same
syllable tends to be pronounced [a:], much like <ar> in Australian and
Bostonian English.  Thus the LS words _kar_ (<Karr>) 'car(t)', _part_
(<Part>) 'part' and _mark_ (<Mark>) 'mark' sound pretty much (to my ears
exactly) like their equivalents in those English dialects.  The word for
'had' is _har_ (<harr> < _had_) is pronounced [ha:].  It sounds very similar
to Standard Danish _har_ 'has/have', though in most cases perhaps a bit
longer.  However, I am not sure about the dialects of the northernmost
range, especially about the moribund or extinct ones used in what is today's
Denmark.

What you described would in LS apply to syllables with long /a/, i.e., /aar/
[Q:3`] ~ [Q:a]; e.g., _baart_ (<Baart>) [bQ:3`t] 'beard', _kaart_ (<Kaart>)
[k_hQ:3`t] 'card', _paar_ (<Paar>) [p_hQ:3`] 'pair', 'couple'.

My theory is that in Western Jutish the contraction of _haver_ > _haar_
caused a long semi-rounded vowel to arise, perhaps under the influence of
labial /v/.

To test this, try and see what the WJ equivalents of the following LS words
do: _warm_ [va:m] 'warm', _harm_ (<Harm>) [ha:m] 'harm'.

Take care!
Reinhard/Ron

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