LL-L "Phonology" 2006.03.12 (01) [E]

[Lowlands-L]

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   L O W L A N D S - L * 12 March 2006 * Volume 01
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From: Felix Hülsey <felix.huelsey at gmx.de>
Subject: LL-L Phonology

Dear Lowlanders,

Ron wrote:
> While in pretty much all Modern English dialects the <e> in past
> particial <-ed> is not sounded -- including in "loved" [lVvd] -- it is
> sounded in most people's varieties in the word "beloved" [bI"lVvId] ~
> [b@"lVv at d] (though I have heard some people pronounce it [bI"lVvd]).
>
> What's going on here?  Obviously, "beloved" is a marked item in most

(...)

> What do you think about this one, folks?  Furthermore, can you think of
> similar cases, preferably within the realm of the Lowlands?

What about "blessed"? My Webster's New Encyclopedic Dictionary gives the
pronunciations ['bles at d] and [blest]. Do those two versions have
different meanings, or is one of them considered odd or archaic? Just
asking.

Greetings from Cologne
Felix Hülsey

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From: Heather Rendall <HeatherRendall at compuserve.com>
Subject: LL-L "Phonology" 2006.03.11 (045) [E]

Message text written by INTERNET:lowlands-l at LOWLANDS-L.NET
> "beloved"<

 He was well beloved      ( lUvd)

he was my beloved         (lov-ed)

the difference between adjective use and a noun?

Heather

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From: Kevin Caldwell <kevin.caldwell1963 at verizon.net>
Subject: Re: LL-L "Phonology" 2006.03.11 (07) [E]

>From: David Barrow <davidab at telefonica.net.pe>
>Subject: LL-L "Phonology" 2006.03.11 (045) [E]
>
>> * Here's an example of stages or levels, all three dialectical
>> versions of "garage":
>>  Non-nativized:  [g@"rQ:Z]**
>>  Semi-nativized: ["gærQZ]
>>  Nativized: ["gærIdZ]
>>
>I have never heard 'garage' pronounced with [Q]. It's usually with
>[A(:)]. I myself am nativised.
>
>> Interestingly, this non-nativized version is prevalent in American
>> English, while the other two seem to be prevalent in non-American
>> English.

Some Americans even jokingly pronounce 'garbage' as [gar"bA:Z] (sorry if 
that's not quite the correct way to write that - I'm not too familiar with 
this way of indicating pronunciation and I'm not a linguist).

>>>Whereas with 'charade' it's the opposite
>
>[S@"rA:d] UK
>[tS@"reId] US

The US versionis actually [S@"reId]. I've never heard an American pronounce 
it [tS@"reId].

Having said that, I'd like to add something that I've noticed in recent 
years.  More and more Americans seem to be pronouncing [C] like [S], so that 
a word like 'check' comes out sounding as if it were spelled 'sheck'. I've 
also noticed a lot of Americans, especially in the news media, pronouncing 
the letter 'j' like [Z] rather than [dZ], especially in words and names from 
Arabic, like 'al-Jazeera' or 'jihad'.

Kevin Caldwell

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From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Phonology

Thanks, folks, and hi again, Dave!

Sorry.  I'm still not done with this puppy after all.  ;-)  I think it needs 
some tweaking.

You wrote, Dave:

> past participle used predicatively v past participle used as 
> adjective/noun
> she is beloved of all v dearly beloved (guests)

I now believe that we are dealing with an interesting area of 
("adjective-like") past participles (1) versus genuine adjectives (2).

Examples:

   (1) That sort of behavior is learn(e)d.
   (2) That scholar is quite learnEd.
   (1) learn(e)d behavior
   (2) learnEd scholar
Nominalized adjective (adjectival noun):
   This goes for the uninform(e)d and the learnEd alike.

   (1) That president was anything but lov(e)d at his time.
   (2) That president was the most belovEd one at his time.
   (1) the least lov(e)d president
   (2) the most belovEd grandmother
Nominalized adjective (adjectival noun):
   The least lov(e)d among the nurses helped
   the patient to write to his belovEd.

So my latest "findings" are that type 2 "masquerades" as past participle but 
is really an adjective in Modern English, though it is derived from a past 
participle at an earlier stage of English (when the /@/ was always sounded). 
In other words, they are petrified past participles that can only be used as 
adjectives (and as adjectival nouns), that are not generated 
morphophonologically but are lexically indexed "as is."

Perhaps "wicked" illustrates this best: there is no verb *"to wick" in 
Modern English (except as an apparently unrelated curling term).  So 
"wicked" is indexed as indivisible /wik at d/, not as divisible */wik- at d/ (as 
in /dent- at d/ "dented").

Regards,
Reinhard/Ron 

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