LL-L "Phonology" 2008.03.06 (05) [E]

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From: Henno Brandsma <hennobrandsma at hetnet.nl>
Subject: LL-L "Phonology" 2008.03.06 (01) [E]

From: orville crane <manbythewater at hotmail.com>
Subject: kn/gn

Dear Marlou,
 Yes, where do all these neat words come from that begin with the kn/gn?
  Here are four in English, Dutch and Frisian;
1. to gnash, knarsen-nl, knarse-fry,
Assuming gnash is indeed a cognate: there is no -r and -sh suggests -sk as
origin
(something like gnask; and indeed "gnaskje" exists in Frisian).
So I'd say   knarsen and gnash are not directly related

2. to gnaw, knagen-nl, gnauwe-fry,


Dutch has "knauwen" as well, with totally different meaning from "knagen",
but maybe in English the predecessors of these words would have coincided in
modern English?

3. to knead, kneden-nl, knetsje-fry,


These are indeed cognates, I think. Does it exist in German or Low Saxon?


4. knee, knie-nl, knibbel-fry.


knibbel < kni+bola, so the first part in Frisian is the direct cognate.

  Then you have the word for 'grace' in German, Dutch and Frisian;
grace, die Gnade-de, de genade-nl, de genede-fry.
The German is spelled 'gn-', but the Dutch and the Frisian are spelled
'gen-'.


This is a false case, as the root is really "nade" with a prefix "ge-". This
has been
contracted in German.
The Frisian probably got the prefix ge- under Dutch influence. The long e:
is also typical.

  Going over to North West Germanic Faroese, you find 'gnagga' - to gnaw and
'knae' - knee.
  The 'kn/gn' are not limited to the Low German and High German, but is also
found in the Scandinavian Faroese.
Tom Crane


What about words like knecht/knight/knjocht/Knecht/kneg etc? Dutch has
plenty of such words
(knobbel, knabbelen etc. Frisian sometimes has gn- here instead of kn- like
in gnabje (cognate? of knabbelen).)

Regards

Henno Brandsma

•

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