aspirated and unaspirated caga

[ROOD DAVID S]

Thanks to Connie for looking things up and getting the details right, as
usual.  I apologize for submitting only partially complete information.  I
have to look up the details about possessive vs. dative -ki- every time,
and since I wrote that note at home, without my books handy, I missed a
big part of the story.

As for John's question about the ki- derivative of 'ice': I think it must
be aspirated; I don't know of any way for de-aspiration to occur between
vowels.



David S. Rood
Dept. of Linguistics
Univ. of Colorado
295 UCB
Boulder, CO 80309-0295
USA
rood at colorado.edu

On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Constantine Xmelnitski wrote:

>
> --- ROOD DAVID S <rood at spot.Colorado.EDU> wrote:
>
> > Second, neither Buechel nor Riggs ever, to my
> > knowledge, acknowledged that
> > there is an aspiration contrast for "c".  You can't
> > rely on either one of
> > them for that distinction.
>
> --Buechel does it both in "Grammar" and in
> "Dictionary", although uses it inconsistently, e.g.
> spelling all A1S2 chi- as unaspirated ci- thoughout
> the "Grammar".
> However he contrasts "c" ("c*" in a Dictionary) "as in
> 'joy'" to
> "c`" ("c" in a Dictionary) "as in 'chair'".
>
> The dictionary also has some forms with unaspirated
> "c*" in contrast to aspirated "c", also with numerous
> inconsistencies:
>
> c*i'k?ala "little", c*o'nala "a few", co'la "destitue,
> without.."
>
> Talking about c- / ch- pairs I'd add to the discussion
> a quote from Boas & Deloria's "Dakota Grammar":
>
> Page 101
>
> § 131. kuN'za to decree, ka'g^a to make
>
> ka'g^a to make, lacks the series waki- and has instead
> we'cag^a I make for him, chi'cag^a I make it for you
> (without your sanction), miye'cag^a you make it for
> me, etc.; and chi'cicag^a I make yours or I make it
> for you with your sanction (etc.). The possessive
> forms are irregular insofar as they aspirate the c,
> we'chaga I make my own.
>
> wakuN'za to decree something, also lacks the series
> waki- and has instead wawe'cuNza I decree something
> for him without his sanction and wawe'cicuNza with his
> sanction, or in place of another one. The other forms
> follow the same pattern. As in ka'g^a the possessive
> has aspirate ch, we'chuNza I decree something my own,
> mic?i'chuNza for myself.
>
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