Biloxi Words and Tutelo-Saponi

[Scott Collins]

For Bald Cypress, based on the word in Biloxi which is borrowed word from Choctaw, I have come up with the following in Tutel-Saponi for this word:
 
xa:pi -xti -ta dalanon ho oto:
 
dalanon ho = shake ir shaking or moving fast in a back and forth manner
oto: = leaf  (also means grass)
 
xa:pi = bark
-xti = augmentative
-ta = great or big
 
xa:pi -xti -ta this is in refernce to the trunk  and dalanon ho oto: in reference to the 'shaking leaves' from the definition of the Choctaw word kolo as in shan-kolo.
 
Literally the big trunked tree with shaking leaves.


Scott P. Collins
----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Evil Is An Outer Manifestation Of An Inner Struggle

“Men and women become accomplices to those evils they fail to oppose.”

"The greater the denial the greater the awakening."

--- On Sun, 5/13/12, Rankin, Robert L. <rankin at KU.EDU> wrote:


From: Rankin, Robert L. <rankin at KU.EDU>
Subject: Re: Biloxi Words and Tutelo-Saponi
To: SIOUAN at listserv.unl.edu
Date: Sunday, May 13, 2012, 4:36 PM


Here in Kansas the farmers call osage oranges "hedge apples".  The tree is often called simply "hedge".  It makes a forbidding boundary because of those long, nasty thorns.  Which reminds me, "thorn apple" is another term I've heard.  And, yes, Tutelo should have retained the /xąte/ or /xǫte/ pronunciation pretty much intact.  We project that the original meaning was 'juniper'.

Bob

________________________________
From: Siouan Linguistics [SIOUAN at listserv.unl.edu] on behalf of Scott Collins [saponi360 at YAHOO.COM]
Sent: Sunday, May 13, 2012 3:30 PM
To: SIOUAN at listserv.unl.edu
Subject: Re: Biloxi Words and Tutelo-Saponi

I know that among our people of Saponi that the "Cedar" a.k.a. Juniper and the Cypress are sacred trees used for various things such as guarding graves and protection. Seems that there is no actual true cedar species in North America that is native. The trees refered to as cedars are actually either cypress trees or juniper trees. It is interesting that you bring up the subject of the Osage Orange tree, I was raised to call it the Horse Apple tree.

/xąte/ or /xǫte/   this is your projected word in Tutelo-Saponi for cedar correct?





Scott P. Collins
----------------------------------------------------------------------
WE ARE THE ONES WE HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR

Evil Is An Outer Manifestation Of An Inner Struggle

“Men and women become accomplices to those evils they fail to oppose.”

"The greater the denial the greater the awakening."

--- On Sun, 5/13/12, Rankin, Robert L. <rankin at KU.EDU> wrote:

From: Rankin, Robert L. <rankin at KU.EDU>
Subject: Re: Biloxi Words and Tutelo-Saponi
To: SIOUAN at listserv.unl.edu
Date: Sunday, May 13, 2012, 1:30 PM

There's a proto-Siouan 'cedar' word.  I'll get it for you.

"Yellow wood" in the Dhegiha languages is reserved for the wood of the Osage orange.  It was also called "the bow wood tree" because of the resilience of the branches.  This is why it's called "bois d'arc" in French.  Cedar was considered holy among the Siouan tribes of the plains, but I don't know how far back East this goes.

The udi term in Biloxi is from proto-Siouan *hu:de which refers to the base or trunk of any object.  It occurs in lots of tree names.

>From the Comparative Siouan Dictionary:

GLOSS[ juniper, red cedar

PSI[ *xąte

MAndan[ óxtąre ~ óxtą ‘cedar’ H-134

MA[ oxtą́ ‘pine tree?’ C

MA[ oxtą́• ‘sage?’ C



PMV[ *xą́te

LAkota[ xąté ‘cedar’ C

DAkota[ †xąté “ḣaŋté” ‘cedar’ R-162a

Omaha-Ponca[ †xąde “áxoⁿdepa” ‘wrist guard’ FLF-225

Kanza[ xą́ǰe ‘cedar’ RR

OSage[ †xą́ce “xoⁿ´dse” ‘red cedar’ LF-219a

QUapaw[ xtté ‘cedar’ RR

QU[ xǫttéhi ‘cedar’ JOD



OTHLGS[ JEK: Iroquoian, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga ohnéhtaʔ, Huron “xahⁿdéhtaʔ”,

Wyandot “andeta”, Tuscarora uhtéhneh, Mithun (1984, 270).



COMmentary[ The OP term refers to a packet strapped to the sacred (cedar) pole:

|a-| ‘on, upon’, |xąde| ‘cedar’, |-pa| ‘locative (?)’. (Analysis from JEK).

The BI term for ‘cedar’ is borrowed from Western Muskogean. QU stress has

shifted; it must have been initial earlier in order for the |*t| to geminate.

The MA root appears to exhibit an irregular syncope.  Cedar has sacred

properties among all or most of the Siouan-speaking peoples.


Note the look-alikes in Iroquoian languages.  Numeroąus tree names are widespread terms.


>From these comparative data I would project the Tutelo word to be very similar, probably something very close to /xąte/ or /xǫte/, where /x/ is a gutteral sound like the "ch" of German Ach!  Or Achtung!, words everybody knows from the movies.


The wasti word in Tutelo corresponds to the general Siouan term for 'pine', but could possibly mean 'cedar' also.


Bob
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