Words for Loss, Lose and Lost

[Rankin, Robert L.]

> I can't find a word that means drop or to drop in Tutelo-Saponi but I do find the word for fallen =  ohiki and fall down = hiphe. Is it possible that one of these two words may have the drop aspect in their root word?

Looks like you're right.  Here are the 'fall, lose' terms from my comparative Siouan file.  If you have questions about the two letter abbreviations for the various languages, let me know.

Bob

GLOSS[ fall †hį 0.0, hį-pe

ProtoDH[ *hí•phe

KS[ hí•phe ‘fall’ RR

OS[ †híphe “hípshe” ‘stumble and fall, trip’ LF-61b



TU[ †hįpé “himpéwa” ‘fall down’ Hw.

 COM[ There are too few forms here to give us a truly secure reconstruction;  however, the forms that do exist suggest a PSI compound |*hi•-phe|.  QU |hide| ‘drop, cause to fall’ probably contains the initial root of this form.

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GLOSS[ fall †pE x.0 >lie down



GRAMCAT[ V

PSI[ *xapÉPCH[ *xap-

CR[ xapí ‘lie down, fall’ RG

HI[ xápi ‘lie down, recline’ J

HI[ xphe, ara- ‘kick sth. off of sth.’ J

HI[ xphe, na- ‘knock down from a high place’ (rka) J

HI[ xphe, nú- ‘take down’ J

HI[ xphe, pá- ‘push off, knock down, knock off’ J



PMA[ *-xpe-

MA[ wakípxeʔš ‘I fell in’ C



PMV[ *xpa-



PDA[ *xpA

LA[ xpáya ‘lie down’ C

LA[ xpahą́ ‘thrown down’ C

LA[ oxpA´ ‘drop’ C

LA[ xpá, na- ‘be kicked off or out.’ B-815

LA[ xpa, oká- ‘make fall into by striking’ B-383

LA[ xpáxpa, ka- ‘strike and make pieces fly off, as from wood

    or ice’ B-275

LA[ xpá, wa- ‘cut off anything and let it fall’ B-519

LA[ xpá, wo- ‘make fall by shooting, to shoot down, as a bird

    on the wing’ B-598

LA[ xpá, ya- ‘pull something with the mouth so as to make it

    come down, as a dog jumping at a piece of beef. to throw anything

    down with’ B-620

LA[ xpá, yu- ‘pull something, so as to make it fall; to loosen

    the bow string after use; to throw down e.g. one’s load, to shake

    off’ B-639

LA[ xpa, yuáka- ‘cover, conceal’ B-633

LA[ xpa, apá- ‘throw down on’ B-88

DA[ xpa  “ḣpa” ‘thrown down’ R-166b



CH[ oxwą́ñe ‘fall down’ JOD



PDH[ *xpare

OP[ †oxpáðe “uxpathe “SW-74

KS[ oxpáye ‘fall off’ RR

KS[ obáxpaye ‘push off, shove sth. off’ RR

KS[ obúxpaye ‘push somebody off (old fused causative?)’ RR

KS[ ogáxpaye ‘knock somebody off of a horse, perch, etc.’ RR

KS[ oną́xpaye ‘kick something off its platform.’ RR

KS[ obóxpaye ‘shoot down, shoot and cause to fall’ RR

KS[ odáxpaye ‘burn down, cause to fall by burning’ RR

KS[ oyúxpaye ‘fall from the hand, let, to lose.’ RR

OS[ †oxpáðe “uxpáthe” ‘fall, become lost’ LF-181b

QU[ oxpáde ‘fall from a height’ JOD

QU[ obáxpade ‘push off and cause to fall’ RR

QU[ obíxpade ‘fall, cause by pressure/weight’ RR

QU[ odíxpade ‘pull off and cause to fall’ RR

QU[ okáxpade ‘knock off, cause to fall off’ RR

QU[ oną́xpade ‘kick something down’ RR

QU[ opóxpade ‘shoot down’ RR



BI[ xapká ‘flat, low’ DS-225 (?)



COM[ HI, LA, CH, and DH show forms with a relic, fused causative which is no longer conjugated as a causative.  MA |wą́xpe| ‘nine’ (one laid/hangs down?) may also belong here, although it is a rather peculiar form, being exceptional with regard to the normal MA constraint against clusters with |p| as second element.


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