Arabic-L:LING:pronunciation query
Dilworth Parkinson
dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu
Wed Apr 20 16:56:57 UTC 2005
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1) Subject:pronunciation query
-------------------------Messages-----------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Apr 2005
From:j.hoogland at let.ru.nl
Subject:pronunciation query
[I assume that most of you wont be able to read the Arabic on this
(since I couldn't) but decided to post it anyway, since you can tell
from the English section whether or not you would be interested, and
could contact Jan directly and he could send it to you in a format you
could read--Dil]
Dear all,
=20
I am having a difference of opinion with a =91client=92 about the
positioning of word stress in Arabic.
First I would like to ask you, in particular the native speakers of
Arabic, to comment on some examples taken from the file I was asked to
comment on.
Furthermore you are invited to comment on a fragment taken from the file
documentation concerning word stress in Arabic.
And finally I would like to ask if any of you know the reference =91Al
Aswat Al logawejah=92 by Dr. Ibrahim Aniss (1990), since my client =
states
the rules applied in the file have been based on this publication.
Maybe the best way is to reply off list (j.hoogland at let.ru.nl) and I
will make a compilation of your reactions and send it to the list.
=20
1) your comment requested on the stress positioning of the words below.
(some proper names and some normal words)
The words are presented in transcription, because the transcription is
the subject of this assignment.
Hopefully the transcription system (SAMPA) will be clear to you. I
suppose it will be in combination with the Arabic writing of the words
(which will hopefully be visible and readable to you). If not I can send
you a file containing all information about the system.
Word stress is indicated by a double quote before the stressed syllable,
and I have put these stresses syllables in bold
=20
R u: - " m a: =D1=E6=E3=C7
" x a: n - j u: - n i s =CE=C7=E4=ED=E6=E4=D3
b u: s - " t` u n =C8=E6=D3=D8=E6=E4
" s i n =96 Z a: - f u: - r a h =D3=E4=CC=C7=DD=E6=D1=C7=E5
a n - " n a: - q u: - R a h =C7=E1=E4=C7=DE=E6=D1=C7=E5
t` i b - b i: - " j a h =D8=C8=ED=C9
l i: - b i: - " j a h =E1=ED=C8=ED=C9
h a n - d a - s i: - " j a h =E5=E4=CF=D3=ED=C9
? a - w a: - " x i r =C3=E6=C7=CE=D1
X\ a w - " l a =96 h a: =CD=E6=E1=E5=C7
b a ?` - " d a =96 h u =C8=DA=CF=E5
Z u - l u: - " s u - h u m =CC=E1=E6=D3=E5=E3
t a - S a m - m u l - " h u m =CA=D4=E3=E1=E5=E3
? i s - t i b - ?` a: - " d u - h u m =
=C7=D3=CA=C8=DA=C7=CF=E5=E3
D a: - " t u - h u =D0=C7=CA=E5
? a =96 t a R - " d` a: =C3=CA=D1=D6=EC
t a =96 S a j - " j u ?` =CA=D4=ED=DA
m u - t a - S a n - " n i Z =E3=CA=D4=E4=CC
d u: - " n a - m a: =CF=E6=E4=E3=C7
k a - " X\ a f =DF=CD=DD
t a - q a w - " w a - l a h =CA=DE=E6=E1
m u - t a - x a l - " l i - f a h =E3=CA=CE=E1=DD=C9
=20
=20
2) Please feel free to comment on the following =91theory=92 behind the
examples above (it is NOT my theory ;-)
1.1.1 Stress
Stressed syllables in Arabic are largely not common and do not affect
meaning. There is no standard way of stressing words; each dialect has
its own. For speech synthesizers, modeling stresses has to be dialect
dependent.=20
=20
Cases of using stress marker:
- stressed syllables in Arabic language have five main positions. These
are:
=20
1. End of the word:
the stress marker is placed in the front of the last syllable of the
word.=20
=ED=D3=CA=DA=CF=E6=E4"=94 <PHONETIC>j a s - t a - ?` i d - " d u: =
n</PHONETIC>
The last syllable is =93d u: n=94.
=20
2. Past verb:=20
When the verb consists of three letters, the stress marker is placed in
the front of the first syllable of the word.
=DF=CA=C8" =93<PHONETIC>" k a - t a - b a</PHONETIC> =20
=20
3. Words with single shaddah:=20
In Arabic, a shadda is used whenever two identical consonants appear
right next to each other, only one consonant is written, and the shadda
is written on top of it, indicating that it is doubled.=20
In this case the stress marker is placed in front of the second
consonant.
For example,=20
=93=ED=CA=D5=DD=93 <PHONETIC>j a t - " t a - s` i f</PHONETIC>
=E3=D5=E1=ED"=94 <PHONETIC>m u - s` a l - " l i:</PHONETIC>
=20
4. Words with more than one shaddah:
In this case, the stress marker is placed in front of the second
consonant of the last stressed syllable.
For example:
=C7=E1=D4=F8=F6=DE=F8=F3=C9 <<PHONETIC>a S - S a q - " q a h</PHONETIC>
which means apartment, here the two letters =93Shen=94 and =93Khaf=94 =
are
stressed. The stress mark is placed in front of the last letter =
=93Khaf=94.
=20
5. Long segment containing long vowel at the end a word:
If the last syllable of a word contains a long vowel (a: , i: , u: )
then the stress mark is placed in the front of the this syllable.=20
This rule overrids all other rules of stress marks.
Here are some examples:
=DF=CA=C7=C8 <PHONETIC>k i - " t a: b</PHONETIC>
=E3=D6=C8=E6=D8 <PHONETIC>m a d` - " b u: t`</PHONETIC>
=E3=D8=E1=DA=ED=E4 <PHONETIC>m u t` - t` a - l i - " ?` i: n</PHONETIC>
=20
=20
=20
3) Do you know the publication =91Al Aswat Al logawejah=92 by Dr. =
Ibrahim
Aniss (1990)?
Is it possible to send me a scan of the paragraph treating word stress?
=20
Maybe the best way is to reply off list (j.hoogland at let.ru.nl) and I
will make a compilation of your reactions and send it to the list.
=20
Thanks,
Jan
=20
Jan (Abu Samir) Hoogland
Dept. of Arabic, University of Nijmegen
POB 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, the Netherlands
phone (0)24-3612641, residence: (0)24-3550199, mobile:(0)653652861
fax: (0)24-3500719
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