LL-L "Grammar" 2005.04.05 (08) [D]

[Lowlands-L]

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From: Roger Hondshoven <roger.hondshoven at pandora.be>
Subject: LL-L "Grammar" 2005.03.29 (02) [E]

Hallo naamgenoot,

In East-Brabant (more specifically in the dialects called 'Getelands',
spoken in a region roughly defined by the Grote Gete and the Kleine Gete) we
use similar pronominal forms for the 3rd person singular. Examples: heë
werkt, heë deu "hij doet". In constructions with inversion we say e.g.
makt-er "maakt hij", gee-t-er mei "gaat hij mee".
The form heë is possibly derived from *her, which would be a compromise
between hî and er (Old High German ër). In easterly Middle Dutch 'he' was
somtimes used instead of the more common 'hî' (cfr. A. Van Loey,
Middelnederlands Sraakkunst I. Vormleer, § 41,b).
The enclitical -er goes back to *her too. This point of view is corroborated
by the fact that the verbal ending -t is not changed to -d- due to the fact
that the h- of heë (her), although eliminated now, has prevented the
application of the rules of "sandhi" (assimilation of voice). Compare with
constructions for the 2nd person singular: komd-er mei "komt ge mee",
werkd-er "werkt ge" . This -er developed from *ir (Old High German îr -
German ihr). Assimilation clearly worked in this case as it was not hampered
by the presence of an h-. Compare further: kumt-er (u as in Dutch dus) "komt
hij", werkt-er "werkt hij". In the inversion form kumt-er the final -t was
retained as opposed to the non-inversion form, where it is left out : heë
kum "hij komt".
All the above remarks do not apply to dialect of Tienen, which uses clearly
more Brabantish forms: ea "hij" (unemphatically: en) werkt, doet, go(t)
"gaat", enclitically -em: e.g. werkd-em "werkt hij", god-em "gaat hij".
Compare with 2nd person sg. constructions: werkt ge, goche (<*got ge) "gaat
ge".

Best regards,

Roger Hondshoven
>
> From: "Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc." <roger.thijs at euro-support.be>
> Subject: Grammar
>
> Why does inversion often have a so a significant effect on the "verb -
> personal pronoun" combination, as if it were subjected to special rules?
>
> In my West-Limburgish e.g. we replace "hië" (he) with "er" when inverting.
>
> Hië és doeë gewès (He has been there)
> Es-t-er doë gewès? (Has he been there?)
>
> For the second pronoun we have a contraction:
>
> Dzjië zit doeë gewès (You have been there)
> Zie (quite long ie) doeë gewès? (Have you been there?)
>
> Curiously in West Flemish they repeat the Flemish "je" with the Brabantish
> "gie":
> "Ejje gie da noadig?" (Do you need [to know] that?)
> (cf ./ text below pasted from the "Westvlams" list.)
> LES WESTVLAAMS
> Zoon: "Moedre, oe skrievje tetten?"
> Waarop moeder: "Emoa joengne, wuk ne parlee;
> Woa voarn ejje gie da noadig?"
> Zoon: "Voar in mien ipstel van 't schole, kwille skrievn:
> Voadre ee nen nieuwn trekteur gekocht en tetten nog niemand gezien".
>
> Does inversion generally have similar effects in lowland languages?
>
> Regards,
> Roger

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