LL-L "Etymology" 2005.08.05 (04) [E]

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From: David Barrow <davidab at telefonica.net.pe>
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2005.08.05 (11) [E]

> From: Þjóðríkr Þjóðreksson <didimasure at hotmail.com>
> Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2005.08.05 (06) [E]
>
> If f/th/s/h are not initial and precede the accent, they become voiced
> (=v
> or bh/dh/z/(spirantic) g). Z usually became r later on.
>
> Initially and following the accented syllable, they did not change.
>
> The clearest example is the strong verb and it's past tenses: eg. Old
> English:
>
> cêosan, cêas, curun, gecoren (Dutch: kiezen, koos, kozen, gekozen with s
> everywhere, but: uitverkoren ("chosen" in a mostly divine or religious
> sense)
>
> Originally it occured in all IIIrd and IVth principal parts, but
> analogy has
> obscured most alternations. Nowaday English only has was, plural were and
> the old form (for)lorn (from "to lose") (Dutch: wezen - was - waren -
> (geweest, analogical form; Dutch preserves more paradigms that alternate:
> vriezen - (vroor, with r from plural past) - vroren - gevroren.
> Dialectical:
> vrieze, vroos, vroze, gevroze with /s/ everywhere; the other way round:
> verliezen, verloor, verloren, verloren has in my region often r:
> verlieren)
>
> But strong verbs aren't the only things where this happen. Compare Dutch
> HAAS with Engl. HARE, where some inflected forms in IE probably had
> accent
> on the stem, some had accent on the endings, giving Gmc. alternation
> of s/z.
> Dutch chose for /s/ everywhere, English picked z=r.
>
> The examples are endless but I hope this cleared up enough already :)
> Hochdeutsch also has leveled a lot of alternations out, in the s/z
> case it
> seems me that there are many more r's than in Dutch (frieren iirc where
> Dutch has the s/r quite intact, verlieren, etc)

English 'lose' is from OE 'losian' a weak verb. 'lorn' is from OE loren
from 'leosan'

The /z/ - /r/ contrast is also preserved in the verbs 'rear' - 'rise'

David Barrow

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From: Paul Finlow-Bates <wolf_thunder51 at yahoo.co.uk>
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2005.08.05 (06) [E]


Hmm. Reading a bit more, I might have got the wrong law!  The Werner's Law 
applies to the "second Germanic sound shift", with voiced stops turning into 
voiceless ones.  The rule I was referring to was the one that effectively 
brought about the change from Low to High German: for example t - ss, e.g E. 
"foot", G. "fuss"; or p - f,  e.g. D. "hoop", G. "hoff-".  The are many 
others.  A German learner can sometimes look at an unfamiliar German word 
and back-change it, to reveal something recognisably English (in my case).

Paul

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