LL-L "Grammar" 2007.09.07 (02) [D/E]

[Lowlands-L List]

L O W L A N D S - L  -  07 September 2007 - Volume 02
Song Contest: lowlands-l.net/contest/ (- 31 Dec. 2007)
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From: Paul Finlow-Bates <wolf_thunder51 at yahoo.co.uk>
Subject: LL-L "Grammar" 2007.09.06 (01) [E]

From: Theo Homan <theohoman at yahoo.com>
Subject: LL-L "Grammar" 2007.09.05 (02) [E]
Hallo,

It's nice to see that many Dutch 'double plurals'
after so many centuries still keep the old forms in
compounds.
So: kind - kinderen, but: kinderspeelplaats;
So: ei - eieren, but: eierhandel.

vr.gr.
Theo Homan

Interestingly, Caxton notes "eyren" for eggs in London in the late 15thC.

Paul Finlow-Bates

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From: Roland Desnerck <desnerck.roland at skynet.be>
Subject: LL-L "Grammar" 2007.09.06 (01) [E]

Beste Lowlanders,
Aan het lijstje toevoegen:
kalf - kalveren (kalverliefde)
rad - raderen (raderwerk).
Meervouden van
appel - appels/appelen (appelboom)
volk - volken/volkeren (volkswoede)
enz.
In het Oostends kennen we het eigenaardige meervoud op
-ers, in de andere West-Vlaamse dialecten niet gekend.

ain joeng - twi joengers
ain vint - twi vinters
ain wuuf - twi wuuvers
ain kiend - twi kienders
ain loenge - twi loengers (die i!s wel gekend buiten Oostende)
ain oarme - twi oamers (de meeste Oostendenaars zeggen evenwel "oarmes").

Eigenaardig ook:
ain keunienk - twi keunieng (koning)
ain rienk - twi rieng (ring)
poddienk - poddieng (pudding)
wietienk - wietieng (wijting)
hoarienk - hoarieng (haring)
enz.

En dan de vele meervouden op -s:
hémdes, klairs, knies, ores, sjhoes, stains, tais, enz. (voor: hemden,
klederen, knieën, oren, schoenen, stenen, tenen...)
Toetnoasteki,
Roand Desnerck uut Osténde, West-Vlaanderen

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From: R. F. Hahn < sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Grammar

Hi, Roland! And thanks for the Ostend dialect examples.

You thought the following were peculiar:

keunienk - keunieng 'king'
rienk - rieng 'ring'
poddienk - poddieng 'pudding'
wietienk - wietieng 'whiting'
hoarienk - hoarieng 'herring'

It's pretty clear to me what's going on here phonologically.  It the
disappearing -e which plays all sorts of pranks in the Low Franconian and
Low Saxon varieties.

I believe that the original (underlying?) forms were (are?) as follows:

kø:ning - køninge
ring - ringe
poding - podinge
wi:ting - wi:tinge
ha:ring - ha:ringe

The following phonological rules come into play:

1. (irrelevant:) vowel lengthening before sonorants:
    ring -> ri:ng
2. (irrelevant:) velar assimilation:
    ri:ng -> ri:ŋg
3. final devoicing:
    ri:ŋg -> ri:ŋk
4. schwa elesion:
    ri:ŋgǝ -> ri:ŋg
5. g assimilation:
    ri:ŋg -> ri:ŋŋ (= ri:ŋ)

The sequence 3, 4 is very important. Final devoicing (which is universal
within the Low German group, also in German and in Northern British
varieties) takes place first and thus "hardens" the /g/ in the singular
form, but the /g/ in the plural form is not "hardened" because it is not
final. Only after that is the schwa (-e) delegted.

3. Final devoicing:
kø:ni:ŋg -> kø:ni:ŋk | kø:ni:ngǝ -> kø:ni:ŋgǝ
ri:ŋg -> ri:ŋk | ri:ŋgǝ -> ri:ŋgǝ
podiŋ:g -> podi:ŋk | podi:ŋgǝ -> podi:ŋgǝ
wi:ti:ŋg -> wi:ti:ŋk | wi:ti:ŋgǝ -> wi:ti:ŋgǝ
ha:ri:ŋg -> ha:ri:ŋk | ha:ri:ŋgǝ -> ha:ri:ŋgǝ

4. Schwa-elesion:
kø:ni:ŋk -> kø:ni:ŋk | kø:ni:ŋgǝ -> kø:ni:ŋg_
ri:ŋk ->  ri:ŋk | ri:ŋgǝ -> ri:ŋg_
podi:ŋk -> podi:ŋk | podi:ŋgǝ -> podi:ŋg_
wi:ti:ŋk -> wi:ti:ŋk | wi:ti:ŋgǝ -> wi:ti:ŋg_
ha:ri:ŋk -> ha:ri:ŋk | ha:ri:ŋgǝ -> ha:ri:ŋg_

5. g assimilation:
kø:ni:ŋk -> kø:ni:ŋk | kø:ni:ŋgǝ -> kø:ni:ŋŋ
ri:ŋk ->  ri:ŋk | ri:ŋgǝ -> ri:ŋŋ
podi:ŋk -> podi:ŋk | podi:ŋgǝ -> podi:ŋŋ
wi:ti:ŋk -> wi:ti:ŋk | wi:ti:ŋgǝ -> wi:ti:ŋŋ
ha:ri:ŋk -> ha:ri:ŋk | ha:ri:ŋgǝ -> ha:ri:ŋŋ

Phonetic output:
kø:ni:ŋk | kø:niŋ
ri:ŋk |  ri:ŋ
podiŋk | podiŋ
wi:tiŋk | wi:tiŋ
ha:riŋk | ha:riŋ

Dutch-based spelling:
keunienk | keunieng
 rienk | rieng
 poddienk | poddieng
 wietienk | wietieng
 hoarienk | hoarieng

Toetnoasteki!

Reinhard/Ron
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