Fw: ku'uytEn 'horse'

[phil cash cash]

-----Original Message-----
From: Dell Hymes <dhh4d at virginia.edu>
To: phil cash cash <pasxapu at dakotacom.net>
Date: Friday, January 07, 2000 2:18 PM
Subject: Re: ku'uytEn 'horse'


Many thanks to Phil Cash Cash for the information in his message.

I'd be prepared to take -kiu- in Chinookan as having come from the Spanish
form
At least I don't know of any alternative.

But kusi seems different.  According to my wife, Virginia, who worked with
Sahaptin speakers at Warm Springs (she's away visiting her daughter, so I
have to take responsibility for this) kusi for horse is an extension of
kusi for 'dog
.  I believe such an extension has occurred in some other languages.  With
the interesting complication that reduplication in Sahaptin makes something
small, rather than big.  So kusi kusi became dog, and just one kusi became
horse (i.e., big dog).

 The 's' in kusi apparently stays put, and doesn't connect with -kiu.
So far as I know.


>>lhush wawa khapa kanawilaksta,
>>
>>linguistic borrowing is a complex process, however, when it concerns
animals
>>of acculturation such as horses, pigs, cows, etc. it seems to take on a
kind
>>of transparency.  personally, i have become very interested in the
etymology
>>of 'horse' terms in the northwest.   the most obvious reason being is that
>>my tribe is named after one, the 'Cayuse'.  so where does it originate?
>>ikta lalang?
>>
>>after the introduction of the horse in circa 1730, the 'weyiletpu' (i.e.
>>Cayuse) and the 'nuumiipuu' (Nez Perce) peoples became horse breeders.
>>thus, the appellation 'cayuse' was given to the Indian horse that was bred
>>here, a medium short, stocky, durable kind of breed.  further, the term
>>'appaloosa' was given to a breed of spotted horse (with a bobed tail!)
among
>>the Nez Perce.  when whites arrived, the name of the cayuse horse was thus
>>applied to the 'weyiletpu' people who were their main breeders.  other
horse
>>names are present, but i will just focus on the Sp. term for now.
>>
>>cayuse < caballo(s) or cavallo
>>
>>if one looks to California and Mexico, the introduction and sudden
>>appearance of the horse shows that most of the indigenous populations
>>borrowed from the Spanish term 'caballo' or 'cavallo'.  for example, the
>>Chol show 'kawayu' and the Tzotzil show 'kaway' (both < cavallo).  going
>>north many of the California groups also show this form.  here we have:
Yuki
>>kawyu, Nomlaki kawyut, Patwin kawayo, etc.  the northernmost California
>>groups showing this borrowing are the Wintun (i.e Patwin-kawayo) and Maidu
>>(NE group-kawju).
>>
>>interestingly, the southern most borrowing of chInuk wawa seems to end
near
>>the northern California area.  this is demonstrated by the presence of the
>>CJ term for 'cow' being found among the Karok msmus, Yurok musmus,
>>Chimariko musmus, Shasta musmus, Klamath moosmoos, and Wintu muusmus.
what
>>this suggests is that the two regions (CA and the NW) were not
>>linguistically isolated.
>>
>>what i am reasoning is that the etymology of 'cayuse' horse > people
likely
>>comes from the Spanish 'caballo, cavllo' via indigenous borrowing in
>>California.    however, this does not solve the problem entirely and it
>>naturally brings us back to chInuk wawa to search for more clues.
>>
>>Campbell (1999:78) suggests that cayuse 'an Indian pony' < caballo(s) Sp.
>>'horse(s)' and that perhaps the term was first borrowed from Spanish into
>>chInuk wawa and then into pushtEn wawa (English).  this seems reasonable,
>>but the origin of the chInuk wawa horse term "khiyutEn" (given by Tony
>>Johnson) needs to be determined.
>>
>>Dell Hymes (thanks Dell) gave us some very good paradigmatic forms of this
>>term in Upper Chinook.  based on his sample, we could argue the following:
>>
>>-kiu- < kawayu < caballo
>>
>>in the indigenous lalang of california and mexico, it is shown that b > w
>>and that b > p.  but what about chInuk wawa?  does w > 0 (zero)?  i will
>>leave this to the CJ experts to decide.
>>
>>the only other potential element in this problem is the Sahaptin horse
term
>>'kusi'.  if the term was borrowed into chInuk wawa would it not have to be
>>shown that s > 0 (zero), meaning that 's' is dropped by CJ speakers?
>>alternaively, Nez Perce can be discounted because it shows the form
'tsiKem'
>>(Uppr) or 'shiKam' (Lowr) and that further it is suggested that the
Sahaptin
>>form is a result of metathesis (reversing of consonants) from Nez Perce.
>>
>>so anyway, i am on a break in my course work and can dwell on the more
>>interesting subjects for awhile.  i apologize if i went on but my
historical
>>linguistics course really turned me on to all of this!
>>
>>phil cash cash
>>cayuse/nez perce
>>
>>lyle campbell.  1999.  historical linguistics: an introduction.  MIT
press.
>>william bright.  19__?.  animals of acculturation in the california indian
>>languages.  university of california publications in linguistics,
berkeley.
>>(sorry i forgot to copy the cover showing the date of pub.)
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